环境工程课程介噪声.ppt

PART 5 OTHER POLLUTION AND  CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES subsonic 亚音速的 supersonic 超音速的 pitch 音调 straightforward 简明的，明确的 prolonged 长时间的 intriguing 引人兴趣的 rhythmic 有节奏的 attribute 特性，属性 annoying 烦人的 subtleties 细微的区别 firecracker 爆竹 perception 感觉，感知 faintest 微弱的，轻微的 rustling 沙沙响的 decibel 分贝 Sound and Noise That which we hear is called sound. One relationship between motion and sound is suggested by the use of the word still, which means both motionless and quiet. We may infer, then, that sound is associated with motion. Motion is a form of energy. Sound must be produced by some source that transmits its energy of motion to us by some means that our ears can detect. The speed of sound in air under normal conditions on Earth is 334 meters/sec . Any object ,such as an airplane ,that travels slower than sound is said to be subsonic; one that is faster is supersonic. The sound wave is a succession of compressions and expansions that disturb the normal density of the medium in which they are propagated. This type of wave is called an elastic wave, The pitch of any given sound is determined by the frequency of the waves that produce it. The energy of a given sound, however, is not determined by the frequency, wavelength, or wave speed. Sound power is related to loudness, but the two are not the same. Unwanted Sound can be defined as noise. Yet this concept is straightforward enough, but it does not teach us how to predict which sounds will be disliked. After all, a given sound may be pleasant when soft but noise when loud, acceptable for a short time but noise when prolonged , intriguing when rhythmic but noise when randomly repeated