外贸函电-交与装运.pptVIP

Shipment Introduction Letter Analysis Specimen Letters Useful Expressions Sentence Patterns and Examples Exercises I. Introduction (1) Shipment Shipment is a very imortant part in foreign trade because goods by seller have to be delivered to the buyer abroad, and the delivery of goods is to be made possible by transport services (by road or rail, sea, and by air). As, basically, some 98% of world trade is conveyed by sea transport we lay an emphasis on sea transport in this chapter. But, with the development of the trade to the landlocked countries, air transport and land transport are now widely used in our foreign trade. I. Introduction In international trade, it is gennerally accepted that the contract is broken if the consignor (or exporter) does not dispatch the goods in accordance with the time and mode of delivery as agreed upon betweeen the consignee (or the importer) and the consignor. Therefore, in negotiating the clause dealing with the transportation of goods in a sales contract, the elements of time, types of shipping service, freight, etc. should be under careful consideration. I. Introduction The shipment should come into effect neither too long nor too short a time after the contract is concluded. Generally speaking, the time limit governing a shipment is of three categories: The shipment with a fixed date, e.g. before the end of June, on June 25; The shipment with a date in the near futre, e.g. immediate shipment, prompt shipment; The shipment with an indefinite date, e.g. shipment within 30 days after the date of receipt of the letter of credit, shipment subject to shipping space available, shipment by first opportunuty. I. Introduction The baisic marine transport are as follows: Conference line vessels(班轮公会定期船) – ships operated by a line that is a member of a shipping conference; Non-conference line vessels – ships operated by shipping companies that do not belong to conferences but provide scheduled services; Tramp ships（不定