考研资料：北京大学细胞生物学第六章基质与内膜(上)-(精品课件).pptVIP

Chapter 6 Cytoplasmic matrix, Endomembrane system, Protein Sorting and membrane trafficking Learning objective 1. Compartmentalization in Eukaryotic Cells; The structural and functional relationship among the ER, Golgi complexes, lysosomes and plasma membranes of eukaryotic cells; The pathways of proteins targeting and sorting, and its mechanisms; The ways of protein modifications and intracellular sites after they are synthesized; Types of vesicle transport and their functions. 1. The Compartmentalization in Eukaryotic Cells Membranes divide the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells into distinct compartments. Three categories in eukaryotic cells: (1) the endomembrane system: ER, Golgi complex, Lys., secretory vesicles. (2) the cytosol. (3) mitochondria, chloroplasts, peroxisomes, and the nucleus. Membrane-bound structures (organelles) are found in all eukaryotic cells. Cytoplasmic matrix and its functions Cytoplasmic Matrix: The region of fluid content of the cytoplasm outside of the membranous organelles. Aqueous solution of large and small molecules including filaments of cytoskeleton which act as organizer for some order. The Cytosol is the site of protein synthesis and degradation or modification. It also performs most of the cell’s intermediary metabolism. Cytoplasmic matrix (Cytosol) and Endomembrane System Functions of cytoplasmic matrix: The protein synthesis, degradation and modification. Cells carefully monitor the amount of misfolded proteins. An accumulation of misfolded proteins in the cytosol triggers a heat-shock response, which stimulates the transcription of genes encoding cytosolic chaperones that help to refold the proteins. B. Endomembrane System Endomembrane System : The structural and functional relationship organelles including ER,Golgi complex, lysosome, endosomes, secretory vesicles. Membrane-bound structures (organelles) are found in all eukaryotic cells. Intracellular compartment