managementchap02-(精品课件).pptVIP

* * * * * * * * * Implications of the Systems Approach Coordination of the organization’s parts is essential for proper functioning of the entire organization. Decisions and actions taken in one area of the organization will have an effect in other areas of the organization. Organizations are not self-contained and, therefore, must adapt to changes in their external environment. 系统观点下的组织 请思考以下组织的输入、处理和输出分别是什么？ 格力电器 中大五院 中山大学 珠海市公安局 ? 2007 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 2–* The Contingency Approach权变/情境 Contingency Approach Defined Also sometimes called the situational approach. There is no one universally applicable set of management principles (rules) by which to manage organizations. Organizations are individually different, face different situations (contingency variables), and require different ways of managing. Exhibit 2–7 Popular Contingency Variables Organization size组织规模 As size increases, so do the problems of coordination. Routineness of task technology任务技术的例行程度 Routine technologies require organizational structures, leadership styles, and control systems that differ from those required by customized or nonroutine technologies. Environmental uncertainty环境不确定性 What works best in a stable and predictable environment may be totally inappropriate in a rapidly changing and unpredictable environment. Individual differences个体差异（文化强度） Individuals differ in terms of their desire for growth, autonomy, tolerance of ambiguity, and expectations. 权变管理案例——洋厂长施密特(1) 河南汽轮机厂从聘请了63岁的管理专家、曾任德国同类企业总经理的施密特先生来华出任该厂厂长。消息传开，立即引起了多方面人士的关注。 尽管施密特先生认为不如他在德国公司里那么得心应手，但总的来说，指挥还是有效的，他也确实竭尽全力在工作着，几乎达到废寝忘食的程度，在华期间体重下降了18磅。 两年的合同期满，施密特先生留下了几十万字的治厂经验和建议，满载着中国人民的深情和敬意，也带着一丝遗憾，告别了河南汽轮机厂。 洋厂长施密特（2） 洋厂长在河南汽轮机厂的是非功过，一直是厂内外有关人士议论的热点。 碍于情面及传统习俗，过去在公开场合下都是颂扬褒奖的言词，而且在欢送施密特的仪式上，还由省领导颁发给奖券和荣誉证书等。 如今人己离去，分歧逐渐公开，有些观点截然不同，各持己见，各陈理由，而且涉及到一些更深层次的问题。 洋厂长施密特（3） 肯定意见： 尽管未能完全实现预期目标，但毕竟付出了巨大努力，在企业内部管理上取得一定成绩。 给他的待遇虽然在我们眼里似乎己令人咋舌，但按德国的标准衡量，几乎是半义务性的服务。 他离职前用业余时间写出来的26万字的《汽轮机厂管理改革方案》。 他来厂后推行的“三扳斧