03.-主谓一致(二).ppt

Unit 03. 主谓一致（二） 以并列结构作主语(Coordinate Subject)、以表示数量概念的名词词组(Noun Phrase of Amount or Quantity)作主语、以名词性分句(Nominal clause)作主语以及其他方面的主谓一致问题。 3．1?? ?以并列结构作主语的主谓一致问题 如果句子的主语是并列结构，这种主语的单、复数意义往往会影响谓语动词的形式。而单复数的意义又一般跟并列结构组成的并列词有很大的相关。因此，一般要按照并列结构的组成方式来分别看待。 一般 情况下都是采用“意义一致”原则。 3.1.1 由and/both… and连接的并列主语 一般采用意义一致原则。 如果意义为复数，谓语动词用复数。 The fishing and the hunting in Arizona were good that year. Rain, hail and wind have caused an estimated $ 22,000,000 damage to crops and livestock. 如果不是指两个或两个以上的人或物，而是表示单数意义，也即指同一对象，则动词用单数。又叫“并列同位” Ham and eggs is a good breakfast. The secretary and treasurer is absent. 到底是并列还是并列同位？ 并列的成分相当于意思较为完整的并列形式，用复数动词。 Tom and Alice are ready. What I say and what I think are my own affair. 当连词表示相互关系时，句子实际是两个分句的缩略形式，因此还需要用复数动词。 What I say and do are two different things. == What I say is one thing and what I do is another thing. 同样的一个类似例子： Your problem and mine are similar. == Your problem is similar to mine and mine is similar to yours. 比较特殊的例子 下面的例子意思不很明确。如果是同一个人，则用单数动词；如果是两个不同的人，则用复数； His brother and the subsequent editor of his collection papers was/were with him at his deathbed. 当and连接的并列名词词组带有each，every，或者many a等限定词时，随后的动词通常用单数。 Every boy and every girl in this room is entitled to a copy. Many a man and woman in this community finds himself or herself in need. 3.1.2.由or/nor/either…or等连接的并列主语 由or, nor, either … or, neither … nor, not only … but also连接的并列结构作主语，随后的动词形式一般认为应该采用“就近原则”。 Either her father or her mother calls for her every afternoon. Either my father or my brothers are coming. 但也有认为并列的两个成分数相同时，应遵循语法一致的原则。 Either the Mayor or her deputy is bound to come. 如并列的两个成分数不同时，一般采用就近原则。 Either your eyesight or your brakes are at fault. 其他情况 在口语中，否定关联连词在考虑一致问题时候更多是作为and来处理。1比2自然。 1)Neither he nor his wife have arrived. 2)Neither he nor his wife has arrived. 当or用来表示并列同位时，即指同一事物，一般根据语法一致原则；如果两个同位语的数不相同，就跟第一个同位语的数保持一致。 My sisters or my brother is likely to be at home . 3.1.3 准并列连词时的一致 准并列连词，即类似并列连词的介词结构，如as much as, rather than, no more tha