阿克苏地区种植业结构调整现状与发展对策-种植专业论文.docxVIP

摘 要 近年，阿克苏地区农业和农村经济发展迅速，农民收入逐年提高。但随着农业农村经济的发展， 地区种植业结构、农产品种类和质量如何适应市场需求及农业生态保护的需要等问题日益突出。如 何发挥区域优势，合理调整种植业结构，实现农业发展的“两个转变”，全面提高农业整体效益，是 当前迫切需要解决的一个现实问题。 1949年以来阿克苏地区作物种植总面积增加了1.8倍，粮食作物回落明显,经济作物迅速增加， 粮、经、饲结构经历了“以粮为纲”阶段（1949年-1985年）和种植结构迅速调整阶段（1986年-2006 年）。前一阶段，粮食作物占75%左右，第二阶段经济作物面积快速增加，2006年达60%，但总体上作 物结构仍为二元结构。虽然粮食作物面积经历了增加和减少的过程，但由于粮食单产大幅提高,因而 总产在不断提高。近期，经济作物中棉花和果品的单产快速提高,总产量也随之增加，2006年比重较 大的棉花达到342703吨是1949年的527倍。 阿克苏农业发展过程中作物面积、产量和农民收入等变化特点与全国的经济政策环境和地区的 政策变化紧密相关。分析阿克苏地区种植业发展现状，结构仍不合理，区域优势未充分发挥，农业 生产基础条件差，农民素质偏低，产业化程度不高，农产品竞争力不强。通过借鉴先进实践经验， 提出种植业结构调整的原则和建议：树立全新的种植观念，变革传统的种植结构，多渠道增加对农 业的投入，建立健全服务体系；在坚持以市场为导向的前提下，稳定粮食生产，普及先进适用技术， 提高管理水平；逐步形成适应市场需求的品种、结构多元化、品质优质化的高效益的农业生产结构， 推进阿克苏地区农业现代化发展。 关键词：种植业，结构，调整，对策 Abstract Recent years, development of agriculture and the rural economy in Akesu area was rapid, the farmers’ receipt were enhanced year by year. But along with the agriculture rural economy development, the problem how the local planting restructure, the agricultural product type and the quality to adapt the market demand and agricultural ecology protection questions and so on, is prominent day by day. How to displays the region superiority, adjusts the planting structure reasonably, realizes the agricultural development, enhances the agricultural overall benefit comprehensively, is a realistic question which is urgent to solve currently. Since 1949, Akesu total planting area has increased 1.8 times, in the preceding stage, cereals take up 75% or so. Area of commercial crops increasing rapidly during second stage, amounts to 60% in 2006, but crop structure still is binary structure as a whole. Although cereals area has experienced the process increasing by and falling off, production is always a result in ceaseless rise since enhancement of grain per unit area yield is wide. The per unit area being hit by cotton and fruit improves in the recent period , the economical crop enhance rapidly , that the gross product increases by, cotton production reaches 342703