呼吸内科常用语(全).docVIP

询问病史 12case history You need to get a detailed history including the timing and acuity of onset, exacerbating and alleviating factors and environment triggers to help you confirm a diagnosis or discard other diseases /develop a differential diagnosis. Ask your patient whether there is a history of tobacco use, or other toxic and environmental exposures and his occupational history.　　General/biographical[,bai?uɡr?fik,-k?l] data传记,marital婚姻 status, nativity出生, occupation, informant提供消息的人, time of admission and record, chief complaint, history of present illness, previous health status(well, ordinary or bad), any infectious diseases, allergic history, history of trauma or surgery, smoking (about how many years, average how many pieces per day, ceased for how many years), alcohol intake(occasional or frequent),spouse’s[spaus] 配偶 health status, menorrhea[,men?ri:?]月经 (menarche[menɑ:ki:, m?-] 初潮 age , cycle lasting for how many days, menstrual cycle, last menstruation period or age of menopause, any menstrual[menstru?l]月经周期 pain or irregular cycle), childbearing or pregnancy( times , natural labor, abortions流产 ,premature[,prem?tju?, ,pri:-] delivery早产, stillbirths死产, difficult labor, family history (any congenital先天性 diseases, father and mother: still alive, illness ,or cause of death, siblings兄弟姐妹 and children)　　常用的症状 symptoms　　fever　　Cough 咳嗽　　Sputum (dry, purulent[pju?rjul?nt]脓性的, copious[k?upi?s] green sputum大量绿色痰，tenacious[tinei??s, t?-] yellow sputum 黄粘痰，frothy white sputum白色泡沫痰，rusty sputum 铁锈色痰　　wheezing　　Dyspnea during exertion[iɡz?:??n] or at rest 呼吸困难　　Orthopnea[?:θ?pni?] 端坐呼吸　　Paroxysmal[,p?r?ksizm?l] nocturnal[n?kt?:n?l] dyspnea 夜间阵发性呼吸困难　　Shortness of breath （SOB）　　Chest tightness 胸部紧迫感　　Exercise intolerance　　pleuritic chest pain 胸膜型胸痛　　Pharyngalgia[f?ring?ld?i?] ; pharyngodynia[,f?ri?ɡ?dini?] 咽痛　　Hemoptysis 咯血　　Bucking 呛咳　　Sneeze喷嚏　　snore 打鼾　　malaise [m?leiz]不舒服　　myalgia[mai?ld?i?] 肌痛　　insomnia [ins?mni?] 失眠　　hoarseness声嘶　　dysphoni