Quantum computing_pro and con英文版.pdf

CALT-68-2113 QUIC-97-031 quant-ph/9705032 Quantum Computing: Pro and Con John Preskill1 7 California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA 9 9 Abstract 1 I assess the potential of quantum computation. Broad and important applications must be g found to justify construction of a quantum computer; I review some of the known quantum al- u gorithms and consider the prospects for finding new ones. Quantum computers are notoriously A susceptible to making errors; I discuss recently developed fault-tolerant procedures that enable a quantum computer with noisy gates to perform reliably. Quantum computing hardware is still 6 in its infancy; I comment on the specifications that should be met by future hardware. Over the 2 past few years, work on quantum computation has erected a new classification of computational complexity, has generated profound insights into the nature of decoherence, and has stimulated 3 v the formulation of new techniques in high-precision experimental physics. A broad interdisci- 2 plinary effort will be needed if quantum computers are to fulfill their destiny as the wo