欧洲中世纪的科技术.pptVIP

Science in Medieval  Western Europe-----Hu Hepeng The beginning of the Middle Ages in 476 AD, the fall of the Roman Empire, about the end of the 15th century. The history of this millennium can be roughly divided into two sections. Before the eleventh century is often referred to as the dark ages, when Western Europe in the Christian theology and philosophy of dogmatism under the rule of people lost their freedom of thought, production rigid, slow technological progress, mathematical stagnation. The situation improved slightly after the eleventh century. so Western European scientific development was lagging behind the Islamic world, the Mediterranean Basin, China, and India and other regions, from the 12th century to catch up again. And mainly in astrology, medicine, mathematics, natural sciences, social sciences and technology, etc., ???? mathematics Greek culture through the Romans to the medieval little, this is mostly reflected in Boisis (about 480 ~ 524) in the book. His arithmetic principle is generally a neo-Pythagorean mathematician Niko Maosi arithmetic introduction translation, but a number of brilliant propositions were deleted. The geometry of Boisis was based on Euclids original geometry, but it was not proved at all because he thought the proof was superfluous. In 529 AD, the emperor of the East Roman emperor Justin Timberlake closed the school in Athens, forbidden to study and spread mathematics. Once again, the development of mathematics suffered a heavy blow. After hundreds of years, commendable mathematician is numbered, and mostly clergy. After the Crusade expedition (1096 ~ 1291) so that Europeans access to the Arab countries to retain the ancient cultural treasures. They translate a large number of Arabic books into Latin. So the culture of Greece, India and the Arabs, as well as Chinas four major inventions will be spread to Europe. Italy is located in the east-west hub of communications, has gradually become the new economic