网络协议分析课件Chapter15.ppt

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Some Scenarios of error control Normal Operation (正常运行) Lost segment (报文段丢失) Fast retransmission (快重传) Delayed segment (延迟的报文段) Duplicate segment (重复的报文段) Automatically Corrected Lost ACK(自动纠正丢失的ACK) Lost Acknowledgment Corrected by Resending a Segment (丢失的确认被重传的报文段纠正) Deadlock Created by Lost Acknowledgment (因确认丢失而产生死锁) Normal operation Lost segment Fast retransmission Lost acknowledgment Lost Acknowledgment Corrected by Resending a Segment Congestion control Why to control the congestion? What is the congestion？ overload phenomenon of switching node (such as routers). Recall： Congestion control technology for IP layer: When the congestion occurs(packet loss), the router sends the source-quench message, which is a passive mechanism. The necessity of TCP congestion control: the congestion makes the delay increasing, the delay makes retransmission timeout, the improper control further makes the congestion heavier. The TCP uses an active congestion control mechanism. The upper limit value of send window The upper limit value of send window is determined by the minimum one among the receive window(RcvWin ) and congestion window(CongWin ), that is: Actual window size = minimum (rwnd, cwnd) When RcvWin < CongWin, the receiving ability of the receiver limits the maximum value of the send window. When CongWin < RcvWin, the congestion limits the maximum value of the send window. The sender limits the transmission.（assume the receive buffer is enough big): LastByteSent-LastByteAcked ? CongWin Congestion control TCP’s general policy for handling congestion is based on three phases: slow start: Exponential Increase congestion avoidance: Additive Increase congestion detection: Multiplicative Decrease Slow start: Exponential Increase The size of the congestion window (cwnd) starts with one maximum segment size (MSS) ； The size of the window increases one MSS