Targeted therapy with inhaled corticosteroids in COPD according to blood eosinophil counts-学术期刊.pdf

Journal of Neuro-Oncology 53: 107–114, 2001. © 2001 Kluwer Academic Publishers. Printed in the Netherlands. Extraneural metastases of primary brain tumors T. Schweitzer, G.H. Vince, C. Herbold, K. Roosen and J.-C. Tonn Department of Neurosurgery, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany Key words: extraneural metastases, glioma, organ transplantation Summary Extraneural metastasis (ENM) of primary brain tumors is a rare occurence. Based on a critical analysis of the literature the present review focuses on illustrating special common features of these tumors with regard to immunological, cytokinetical and tumorbiological issues. In this respect much can be learned from the specific conditions following organ transplantation which is extensively discussed. In 1926 Bailey and Cushing stated that gliomas never reviewed 72 published cases of extraneural metastases metastasize outside the nervous system. Meanwhile, reported worldwide between 1928 and 1980. The despite many remaining questions numerous reports tumors complying with the Weiss criteria 1, 3 and on individual cases of extraneural metastasis (ENM) 4, diagnosed according to the previous WHO classi- exist in literature [2–15]. Next to gliomas, other fication were 48 cases of glioblastoma, 10 cases of tumors known to cause extraneural metastases include glioblastoma and sarcoma (gliosarcoma), 5 cases of meningeal tumors, ependymomas and particularly astrocytoma, 3 cases of mixed astrocytoma and oligo- medulloblastomas in children [5,7,16]. The present dendroglioma, 2 cases of spongioblastoma multiforme, review lays particular emphasis on cases of glioma 2 cases of monstrocellular glioblastoma e.g. astrocy- metastasis although the mechanisms of spread can in toma, 1 case of astrocytoma and epen