生态系统退化的过程及其特点生态学杂志.PDF

生态学杂志 　1999 ,18 (2) ∶36 - 42 Chinese Journal of Ecology 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 生态系统退化的过程及其特点 包维楷 　陈庆恒 ( 中国科学院成都生物研究所 , 6 1004 1) The Degraded Processes and Features of Ecosystem. Bao Weikai , Chen Qingheng ( Cheng d u I ns ti t ute of B iology , Chinese A cademy of S ciences , Cheng d u 6 1004 1) . Chinese J ou rnal of Ecology , 1999 ,18 (2) :36 - 42 . Intensifying t he researches on degraded ecosystem has been faced as pressing problem in China . In t his p ap er ,t he factors of ecosystem degradation were analyzed ,degraded processes and characteristics of ecosystem were expounded , and some problems about restoration and rehabilitation also were dis cussed . Disturbance induced by human has been t he main force of degradation . According to t he dis turbance regimes and behaves of degradation , processes of ecosystem degradation have several mod els , namely , sudden degradation course , leap degradation course , gradual degradation course , con tinual degradation course and comp ex of several courses. For example , according to degraded extent t he gradual degradation course could be divided into four step s wit h different degradation characteris tics including biodiversity loss and declining , structural simplification , disintegration of food web , op en of substance recycles , productivity decline ,abnormality and some troubles of energy flow , los ing or weakening abilities of environmental protection , and lowering of system stability . Based on differences of degradation processes and extent ,t he restoration and rehabilitation on different degrad ed ecosystem should have verious countermeasures. The restoration of biodiversity and system struc ture is t he key and p at hways of rehabilitation and re