软件工程教学课件chapter-17教学材料.pptVIP

* 症状和原因 症状 原因 症状与原因出现的地方可能相隔很远 症状可能在另一个错误被改正时消失 实际上可能是由非错误因素引起的 可能是由系统或编译错误引起的 可能是人们坚信的假定引起的 症状可能是间断的 symptom cause symptom and cause may be geographically separated symptom may disappear when another problem is fixed cause may be due to a combination of non-errors cause may be due to a system or compiler error cause may be due to assumptions that everyone believes symptom may be intermittent * 错误的结果 危害度 轻微 普通 反感 严重 非常严重 灾难性 传染 错误类型 错误类型： 功能相关的错误、系统相关的错误、数据错误、 编码错误、设计错误、文档错误、违反标准等。 damage mild annoying disturbing serious extreme catastrophic infectious Bug Type Bug Categories: function-related bugs, system-related bugs, data bugs, coding bugs, design bugs, documentation bugs, standards violations, etc. * 调试技术 蛮干发/ 测试 回溯法 归纳法 排除法 * 纠正错误 这个错误的原因在程序的另一部分也产生过吗？在多数情况下，程序的错误是由错误的逻辑模式引起的，这种逻辑模式可能会在别的地方出现。 进行修改可能引发的“下一个错误”是什么？在改正错误之前，应该仔细考虑源代码（最好包括设计）以评估逻辑与数据结构之间的耦合。 为避免这个错误，我们首先应当做什么呢？这个问题是建立统计软件质量保证方法的第一步（第16章）。若我们不仅修改了过程，还修改了产品，则不仅可以排除现在的程序错误，还可以避免程序今后可能出现的错误。 * 最后的思考 思考 ——在纠正之前 使用工具获得额外的洞察力 如果你陷入了僵局，寻求其他人的帮助 一旦纠正了错误，使用回归测试以发现任何副作用 Chapter 17 Software Testing Strategies * Software Testing Testing is the process of exercising a program with the specific intent of finding errors prior to delivery to the end user. * What Testing Shows * Strategic Approach To perform effective testing, you should conduct effective technical reviews. By doing this, many errors will be eliminated before testing commences. Testing begins at the component level and works outward toward the integration of the entire computer-based system. Different testing techniques are appropriate for different software engineering approaches and at different points in time. Testing is conducted by the developer of the software and (for large projects) an independent test group. Testing and debugging are different activities, but debugging must be accommodated in any testing strategy. * V V Verification refers to the set of tasks that ensure that software cor