《基于单片机的玩具车控制系统设计（硬件电路）》-毕业(学术)论文设计.doc

l 基于单片机的玩具车控制系统设计（硬件电路） 摘 要 本设计主要完成玩具车控制系统硬件电路设计，控制系统的硬件电路部分主要包括控制器、红外通讯电路、电机驱动电路、键盘电路、LED显示电路、232通讯电路等，直流电机作为小车的驱动电机。单片机是整个小车控制系统的核心，控制所有模块，本系统采用AT89C51单片机，它有着体积小、功效低、功能强、性能价格比高、易于推广应用等显著优点。采用L298N芯片同时驱动两台直流电机，使系统的控制电路简洁，且可靠性高。该设计系统中采用脉冲宽度调制技术（PWM）实现对直流电动机的准确与灵活调速。电机驱动利用软件产生不同占空比的PWM波来控制直流电机的转向和转速。设计中采用软件生成PWM驱动方式，解决了驱动电流的的不可控性问题。采用LED显示，其特点是亮度大，视觉效果好。通过软件编程控制小车实现左转、右转、前进、后退、加速、减速和车灯闪烁等功能。 关 键 词：玩具车，单片机，PWM，红外通讯，电机  THE CONTROL SYSTEM DESIGN OF THE TOY CAR BASED ON MCU (HARDWARE CIRCUIT ) ABSTRACT With the development of social production and science, the rapid development of microcomputer technology, the integration of computer control and electronic technology has broadened prospects for electronic equipment. The study of smart toys is getting more and more extensive attention of society. Developing of the smart toy car of modular, functional, the lowest price has become a hot e-skills competition, and the smart toy cars have a huge market at home and abroad. Programmable toy car will inject new vitality into the toys market. The design completed hardware design of toy car control system, and the control system hardware consists of the major controller, infrared communication circuit, motor drive circuit, the keyboard circuitry, LED display circuit and 232 communication circuit. DC motor is selected as the car driving motor. SCM is the core of the car control system to control all the modules. This system uses the AT89C51 microcontroller and it has significant advantages of small size, low efficiency, and strong function, high cost performance, easy-to promote the application. Using L298N chip drive two DC motors at the same time makes the system control circuit more simplicity and high reliability. The design of the system uses pulse width modulation (PWM) to achieve the accuracy of the DC motor speed and flexibility. To control DC motor steering and speed, motor drive uses the software to get different duty