粉末活性炭―超滤工艺处理微污染地表水试验研究-市政工程专业论文.docxVIP

摘要 摘要 I I 摘 要 近年来，在对赣江流域的调查中发现部分水源已经污染，一些河段水质达 不到饮用水取水水源水质标准。针对这种现状，本文通过高岭土、腐殖酸和氯 化铵模拟南昌某饮用水水源，将粉末活性炭（PAC）的吸附与超滤（UF）膜的 截留作用组合的工艺对其处理，并对 PAC-UF 系统的影响因素、运行效果和膜污 染进行了深入的研究。主要结论如下： （1）考察 PAC 的投加量、操作压力、反冲洗频率和反冲洗时间对 PAC-UF 系统出水水质和膜过滤性能的影响。试验结果表明：PAC 投加量对出水浊度影 响不大，随着 PAC 投加量的增加，UV254 和氨氮的去除率相应提高，膜污染会得 到缓解；减小操作压力，膜通量相应下降，膜污染程度降低；反冲洗频率越小， 反冲洗前的膜通量将会越来越低；反冲洗时间越长，膜通量恢复程度越好。 （2）通过设计正交试验，考察了 PAC-UF 系统最佳运行工况。评价结果表 明：粉末活性炭投加量 200mg/L，操作压力 0.16Mpa，反冲洗频率 1/30min-1，反 冲洗时间 1min 时为最优工况。 （3）在最优工况下运行 PAC-UF 系统，考察系统的运行效果和膜的过滤特 性。试验结果表明：即使原水的浊度变化很大（25NTU~100NTU），系统对浊度 的去除效果稳定，出水浊度均低于 0.4NTU；原水的 UV254 增加，系统出水的 UV254 相应增加，对 UV254 的去除率却提高；对氨氮有较好的去除效果，氨氮的浓度为 0.7~1.3mg/L 时，平均去除率均可达 50%以上，平均出水氨氮浓度均在 0.55mg/L 以下。 （4）根据膜清洗的特性，建立膜通量关于多因素的数学模型，模型可预测 系统运行一段时间后的膜通量和产水量，达到一定产水量所需时间以及何时进 行化学冲洗，从而可以指导膜水厂生产实践以及以后大规模生产自动化的控制。 关键词：PAC-UF 系统；操作条件；膜的过滤性能 ；正交试验；膜通量模 型 Abstract Abstract II II Abstract In recent years,during the survey of the Ganjiang River,it was found that some Ganjiang water was polluted.Water quality of some reached III water quality standards. In response to this situation, this thesis proposed the hybrid process adding powder activated carbon (PAC) to ultrafiltration (UF) membrane system and studied on the influencing factors, the removal efficiency, and the fouling characteristics of the PAC-UF system. In this paper, kaolin, humic acid and ammonium chloride were used to simulate the drinking water source in Nanchang. The main results included: By changing the amounts of PAC, the operating pressure, backwashing interval and backwashing time, the influence of them on the effluent water quality and process performance were studied. It was shown that turbidity was steady and always kept less. Furthermore, the UV254 and NH3-N removel rates would rise after adding more PAC and the membrane fouling would slow inapparently with more PAC. The membrane flux decreased and slowed with the operating pressure down. When the backwash interval was extensed, the pre-backwash membrane flux would become le