尼氏外科学-骨肿瘤.pdfVIP

CHAPTER 34 BONE TUMORS Herbert S. Schwartz and Ginger E. Holt 4 Enneking and colleagues. Roman numeral I refers to a low- oncologic resection grade skeletal sarcoma as interpreted by the pathologist. Roman skeletal reconstruction numeral II is high grade. Roman numeral III signifies metastasis, genetics whether regional or distant. The letter A refers to intracompart- benign bone tumors mental tumor localization, whereas the letter B refers to extra- skeletal sarcomas compartmental growth of the primary skeletal sarcoma. A bone skeletal metastases tumor that begins in the femur and grows into the quadriceps future considerations musculature is extracompartmental because it has grown out of its original compartment into another. Pathologic fractures can be thought of as extracompartmental tumors. The Enneking system has five stages, IA, IB, IIA, IIB, and III. Stage IIB tumors Orthopedic oncology is a complex surgical discipline that are high risk. Stage III represents metastases of any type. The involves the care and managem