复合型原油破乳剂和脱钙剂的优化研究-化学工艺专业论文.docx

Abstract The metallic elements such as sodium, calcium, iron, nickel, vanadium et al have higher concent in the crude oil, which has prodigious influence on the catalyst performance. The desalinization process is important part in the petroleum refinement; the aim of desalination is that removes the harmful metal which cause poisoning of catalyst in the crude oil. The development of a new highly effective decalcifying agent of crude oil has the vital significance, which can improve the process ability of heavy oil as well as enhances light oil yield. The experiments are carried out with the crude oil of Huabei Oilfield and Bohai Oilfield. The static dehydration and electric dehydration methods are adopted to evaluate and screen the demulsifier prepared, the crude oil decalcifying agent is screened and evaluated using desalination instrument. Meantime, we have studied what affect the performance demulsification and decalcification of crude oil, such as pH, mixed intensity, small organic molecules, affusion rate, and so on in this paper; and the orthogonal experimental design method is used during this process. The experimental results have shown that the complex demulsifier tj231 and decalcifying agent tj363 has a good performance using in the electricity desalinization process of Huabei oilfield crude oil and the Bohai oilfield crude oil. The electricity desalinization conditions are: the constant time is 10min; demulsifier concentration is 50mg/l; the decalcifying agent concentration is 150mg/l; the low-pressure is 600V; the low pressure time is 30min; the high-pressure is 1000V; the high-pressured time is 20min and the demulsification temperature is 80℃.The optimum dehydration rate of the crude oil is up to 99.6%, the optimum decalcify rate of Huabei oil field crude oil and Bohai oil field crude oil is 84.28% and 76.23%, respectively. We have investigated the property of Huabei and Bohai Oilfield crude oil, and have found that the breaking decalcifying agent has b