[指南]主补宾补比拟.docVIP

[指南]主补宾补比拟 主补即主语补足语即被动语态中的宾语补足语。 eg.They caught boy stealing. 被动语态 The boy was caught stealing. stealing 即为主语补足语 被动语态后的主语补足语 对于主语补足语，语法家们各有不同的看法。有的把连系动词后面的部分称作主语补足语;有的又把被动语态后的补足语称作表语，与被动语态一起称作复合谓语。笔者通过教学体会到，还是把被动语态后面的补足语称作主语补足语好些。这是因为学生很容易接受“宾语补足语”，而如果把带有宾语补足语的句子变成被动句，原来补充说明宾语的部分就变成补充说明主语了。 一、被动语态的主语补足语与主动语态的宾语补足语是密切相关的。例如: (1) I saw him playing basketball yesterday. (2) He was seen playing basketball yesterday. 句(1)中的含义不是我看见他，而是我看见他正在打篮球。playing basketball 是宾语him的补足语。所以叫宾语补足语。 句(2)中的含义也不是他被看，而是别人看见他正在打篮球。这里的playing basketball是主语he的补足语，故称作主语补足语。主语和主语补足语一起称作复合主语。所以含有主语补足语的句子一般是被动语态，谓语动词是可以接复合宾语(宾语+宾语补足语)的及物动词。句首的主语就是主语补足语的逻辑主语。 二、主语补足语形式种种 1. 动词elect, call, name, make, find, leave等后面常接名词用作主语补足语。例如: ? The dog is called Karl. ? Coal is sometimes called stored-up sunlight. ? He was found the right man for the job. 2. 动词keep, make, paint, cut, burn, beat, wash, find, consider, wipe等后面常接形容词用作主语补足语。例如: ? The door was painted white. ? The old man was found weak. ? The classroom is always kept clean every day. 3. 动词see, watch, hear, feel, listen to, look at, imagine等后面接分词用作主语补足语。例如: ? He is often heard reading English. ? The professor was seen making an experiment in the chemistry lab. ? The glass was found broken. ? The classroom was found crowded with people. 4.感官动词see, watch, hear, notice, feel, make等后面接带to的不定式用作主语补足语。例如: ? He was seen to come upstairs. ? Ice is known to be in a solid state. ? The spy was ordered to be hanged. 5. 介词短语用作主语补足语。例如: ? The books in the study must be kept in good order. ? He was found in good health. ? English is considered of great importance for us. 6. as后面接名词、形容词、分词等用作主语补足语。例如: ? English is taken as a useful means for research work. ? The news is considered as true. ? The stool is usually thought as having four legs ? The vase is thought as broken. 7. 由what引导的名词性从句用作主语补足语。例如: The boy has been made what he is. 三、 主语补足语的判别 1.看句中的动词是不是可接复合宾语，而且是不是被动语态，与此同时还要看 主语是不是句子的主语。 其后部分的逻辑 2. 另一种最简单的方法是:如果还不能看出来就可以把全句改