微生物绪论).ppt

Medical Microbiology 三、general properties of M: 1 tiny in size 2 simple in structure 3 active in metabolism 4 fast rate in multiplication 5 easy in variation 6 widely distributed 四、relationship to human (一)? C .N circulation in nature 1 pathogens 2 opportunistic pathogens 五、history: leeuwenhoek. 1676. microscopy (266 times ) Pasteur (1822-1895 ): 1 yeast cells cause wines sour 2 pebrine caused by protozoan 3 spontaneous generation controversy 4 chickens: 42℃ , do not  Acquire anthrax 37℃ ,do 5 vaccine for rabies koch: (1843—1910) ① microbes are observed in tissue specimens from dead animals; ② isolated and grown in pure culture; ③ inoculated to a health animal; ④ the disease is produced in the animal; ⑤ then 1 ⑥ then 2 六、object of medical microbiology: pathogens 七、why we study medical microbiology 八、how to study medical microbiology §1 size and shape of bacteria size: tiny um(1um=1/1000 mm) shape: coccus: diplo~ , strepto ~ tetrads, sarcina, staphylo ~ bacillus: spiral bacterium: vibrio spirillum §2 structure of bacterium  Structure of Bacteria: Essential structure cell wall cell membrane cytoplasm nuclear material (nucleoid) Special Structure capsule flagella pilus spore 1 peptidoglycan: (1) a backbone (2) tetrapeptide side chains (3) cross bridges 2 teichoic acid (G+)  (1)?membrane ~ (LTA)  (2) wall ~ 细胞壁 革兰阳性菌 革兰阴性菌 (1)?to form the external shape of B (2)?to protect B from bursting due to high osmolarity: G- 5~6 G+ 20~25 (3)?A barrier to certain substances into and out of B (4)?Take part in B multiplication (5)?Associated with B antigenicity 5 B with deficiency in CW (L Forms ): Bacterium L-forms: (B with