Water Pollution - AP Environmental Science- Kearny High ：污染：美联社环境科学-卡尼高.ppt

OCEAN POLLUTION Harmful algal blooms (HAB) are caused by explosive growth of harmful algae from sewage and agricultural runoff. Figure 21-11 Oxygen Depletion in the Northern Gulf of Mexico A large zone of oxygen-depleted water forms for half of the year in the Gulf of Mexico as a result of HAB. Figure 21-A Case Study: The Chesapeake Bay – An Estuary in Trouble Pollutants from six states contaminate the shallow estuary, but cooperative efforts have reduced some of the pollution inputs. Figure 21-12 OCEAN OIL POLLUTION Most ocean oil pollution comes from human activities on land. Studies have shown it takes about 3 years for many forms of marine life to recover from large amounts of crude oil (oil directly from ground). Recovery from exposure to refined oil (fuel oil, gasoline, etc…) can take 10-20 years for marine life to recover. OCEAN OIL POLLUTION Tanker accidents and blowouts at offshore drilling rigs can be extremely devastating to marine life (especially diving birds, left). Figure 21-13 Fig. 21-14, p. 509 Reduce input of toxic pollutants Solutions Coastal Water Pollution Prevention Cleanup Use wetlands, solar-aquatic, or other methods to treat sewage Require at least secondary treatment of coastal sewage Sprinkle nanoparticles over an oil or sewage spill to dissolve the oil or sewage without creating harmful by-products (still under development) Improve oil-spill cleanup capabilities Recycle used oil Regulate coastal development Protect sensitive areas from development, oil drilling, and oil shipping Ban ocean dumping of sludge and hazardous dredged material Ban dumping of wastes and sewage by maritime and cruise ships in coastal waters Separate sewage and storm lines Require double hulls for oil tankers * Figure 21.3 Natural capital degradation: water quality and dissolved oxygen (DO) content in parts per million (ppm) at 20°C (68°F). Only a few fish species can survive in water with less than 4 ppm of dissolved oxygen at this temperature. QUESTION: W