《冶金教程金属》-课件设计（公开).pptVIP

24/11/98 The Iron (chemical symbol Fe) 铁(化学符号为Fe) - it is a diffused metal in nature like mineral (mainly Oxides or Silicate), it is not existing in the native (metallic) state. -铁如同矿石(主要是氧化物与硅酸盐)一样，散布于自然界。铁不是以天然的金属形态存在。 - grey silvery, shining, ductile, malleable, discreet conductor of heat and of electricity, it possesses mean density (7,86 g/ mm3) -铁呈银灰色， 有光泽，有延展性，韧性，导电与导热性一般，平均密度为 7,86g/mm3 - moderately resistant to the atmospheric oxidation, if pure. -纯铁的抗氧化性能适中。 - it has the ability of tie with an elevated number of other metals in order to give origin to a large family of leagues of industrial interest. 它可以与许多活泼金属结合，从而为工业应用提供了各种类型的铁系合金。 - as pure iron does not have industrial applications, all (or almost all) the products of commune use are, in fact, built in Cast Iron or Steel (Iron-Carbon alloys). -因为 在工业应用中并不需要纯铁，所以事实上，所有(或几乎所有) 相关的产品都是用铸铁或钢(即铁碳合金)制造的。 The iron shows three allotropic forms:铁有三种同素异性的形式： 1) Iron a (ferrite) cubic centred body, magnetic, stable up to 911°C, with carbon practically insoluble at room temperature 1)a 铁 (铁素体) 为体心立方，有磁性， 911°C 以下都处于稳定状态, 在室温下几乎不含碳。 2) Iron g (austenite) cubic face centred, not magnetic, stable from 911°C to 1400°C, with carbon soluble until at 2% around. 2) g 铁 (奥氏体) 为面心立方，没有磁性，从 911°C 到 1400°C 都处于稳定状态，含碳量2%以内。 3) Iron d cubic centred body, stable from 1400°C up to the temperature of fusion. 3) d铁， 为体心立方，从1400°C 到熔点都是处于稳定状态。 Iron and Iron-Carbon Diagram 铁与铁碳相图 Iron and Iron-Carbon Diagram 铁与铁碳相图 In the blast furnace (in presence of carbon coke and limestone) it had the fusion and the reduction of the mineral of iron to a binary iron alloy with high content of carbon, the Cast Iron (C 2,06%). 把铁矿石置于鼓风炉中(有焦炭与石灰石)冶炼/熔化分解成含碳量很高的二元铁碳合金，即是铸铁(C 2,06%). The Cast Iron is a hard alloy and brittle, can be worked by machine but not through lamination and forging, is hardly weldable. 铸铁是硬质合金，易碎，焊接性能差。可以通过机器加工而不能通过轧制或锻造方式处理。 At the cast state is very fluid and it