白鹤幼鹤行为发育.PDF

第 35 卷第 21期 生 态 学 报 Vol.35,No.21 2015年11月 ACTA ECOLOGICA SINICA Nov.,2015 DOI:10.5846/ stxb201402180278 张琼,钱法文.白鹤幼鹤行为发育.生态学报,2015,35(21):7236鄄7243. Zhang Q,Qian F W.Behavioral development of thejuvenile siberian crane.Acta Ecologica Sinica,2015,35(21):7236鄄7243. 白鹤幼鹤行为发育 张摇 琼,钱法文* 中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所,北京摇 100091 摘要:2012年10月至2013年5月,采用焦点取样法对在吉林莫莫格国家级自然保护区内秋季和春季迁徙停歇的以及在江西鄱 阳湖国家级自然保护区内越冬的白鹤(Grus leucogeranus)幼鹤行为进行了研究。 结果表明,幼鹤取食行为比例从秋季迁徙时的 23.0%增加到越冬晚期时的82.7%,但春季迁徙期减少为61.9%;幼鹤乞食行为比例从秋季迁徙时的58.2%减少至春季迁徙时 的1.2%;幼鹤警戒行为比例从秋季迁徙时的1.0%增加至春季迁徙时的7.1%。 幼鹤在春季迁徙期的理羽及静栖行为显著高于 越冬期,这种行为的差异可能与食物的丰富度相关。 环境因子中,风速对幼鹤静栖行为有显著影响,幼鹤取食及警戒行为与气 温呈显著正相关。 秋季迁徙及越冬晚期,幼鹤行为日节律在13:00—14:00 时出现明显的取食低谷期,而春季迁徙期时则推后1 小时。 整个观察期间,幼鹤从雄鹤和雌鹤获得食物频次无显著差异,但不同时间段幼鹤从雄、雌成鹤处获得食物频次差异是显 著的。 研究从行为学的角度展示白鹤幼鹤的生长过程及不同性别成鹤对幼鹤生长的贡献。 关键词:白鹤幼鹤;行为;生长;取食;栖息地 Behavioral development of thejuvenile siberian crane ZHANG Qiong,QIAN Fawen* Research Institute of Ecology,Environment and Protection,ChineseAcademy of Forestry,Beijing 100091,China Abstract:From October 2012 to May 2013,juvenile Siberian Cranes (Grus leucogeranus) were studied by the focal sampling method at Momoge National Nature Reserve inJilin Province andPoyang Lake National Nature Reserve inJiangxi Province,China. The results showed that thejuvenile Siberian Cranes spent 23.0% of their time budget on feeding in the fall migration,increasingto82.7% inlatewinter,but reducedto61.9% inthefollowing springat MomogeNational Nature Reserve. In comparison,the begging behavior reduced from 58.2% in the fall migration to 1.2% in the following spring migration,and the alert behavior increased from 1.0% to 7.1%. The behaviors of preening and resting in the following spring were significantly more than those in the wintering period,the reason for the difference may comefrom the different food availability