心脏、力血管系统.pptVIP

The Heart and Angiology 同济大学医学院 解剖教研室 孙红斌 Composition Cardiovascular system心血管系统 Lymphatic system 淋巴系统 The cardiovascular system Organization Heart 心 A muscle pump to maintain the flow of blood, Consist of four chambers (right and left atria, right and left ventricles) Artery 动脉 a. carry blood away from the heart Veins 静脉 v. carry blood back to the heart Capillary 毛细血管microscopic vessels, the area of exchange between blood and tissue fluid Blood circulation Systemic circulation 体循环 left ventricle→aorta and its branches→capillaries of body→superior and inferior vena cava→right atrium Pulmonary circulation 肺循环right ventricle→pulmonary a.→capillaries of lung→pulmonary v.→right atrium Vascular anastomosis 血管吻合 Anastomosis between a. Anastomosis between v. Arteriolovenular anastomosis 动静脉吻合 Collateral vessels侧副管 Circulation侧支循环 Position Lies within the pericardium in middle mediastinum Behind the body of sternum and coastal cartilages 2 to 6 In front of thoracic vertebrae 5 to 8 A third of it lies to the right of median plan and 2/3 to the left External characteristics－a hollow muscular organ, pyramidal in shape , somewhat larger than a closed fist; consists of four chanbers (right and left atria, right and left ventricles) Cardiac apex is formed by left ventricle and is directed downwards and forwards to the left. It lies at the level of the fifth left intercostal space, 1~2cm medial to the left midclavicular line (9cm from the midline) Cardiac base is formed by the left atrium and to a small extent by the right atrium. It faces backward, upward and to the right Two surface Sternocostal surface is formed mainly by the right atrium and right ventricle, and a lesser portion of its left is formed by the left auricle and ventricle. It is directed forwards and upwards Diaphragmatic surface is formed the ventricles－chiefly the left ventricle, directed backwards and downwards, a