第十章培训开发.pptVIP

第十章 培训开发 Chp10 Training and Development Training vs. Development培训和发展的比较 The Training Process Training The process of teaching new employees the basic skills they need to perform their jobs. 培训开发时指企业通过各种方式使员工具备完成现在或者将来工作所需要的知识、技能并改变他们的工作态度，以改善员工在现有或将来职位上的工作业绩，并最终实现企业整体绩效提升的一种计划性和连续性的活动. Why the Training Business is Booming Training is more inclusive than it used to be.培训比其以往的内涵更为丰富 Remedial education is necessary.补救性教育是必须的 Training and Learning Make the Learning Meaningful使学习变得富有意义 At the start of training, provide a bird’s-eye view of the material to be presented to facilitates learning.在培训开始的时候，给受训者提供一份资料概观。 Use a variety of familiar examples.运用各种熟悉的实例 Organize the information so you can present it logically, and in meaningful units.将信息组织条理化，以便能按照逻辑顺序和分单元进行介绍 Use terms and concepts that are already familiar to trainees.使用受训者已经熟悉的术语和概念 Use as many visual aids as possible.尽可能运用直观教学 Make Skills Transfer Easy使技能转化变得容易 Maximize the similarity between the training situation and the work situation.尽量使学习环境与工作环境相似 Provide adequate practice.提供适当的实践机会 Label or identify each feature of the machine and/or step in the process.标明或确定培训过程中所使用的机器或步骤的每一个特征 Direct the trainees’ attention to important aspects of the job.引导受训者注意工作的重要方面 Provide “heads-up” preparatory information that lets trainees know they might happen back on the job.提供睿智的预备性信息 Motivate the Learner激发学习者 People learn best by doing.人们在实践中学习效果最好 Trainees learn best when the trainers immediately reinforce correct responses在培训师及时肯定正确回答时受训者学得最好。 Trainees learn best at their own pace.受训者按其自己确定得时间进度学习时，学习效果最好 Create a perceived training need in the trainees’ minds.创造一种受训者心中感受到的培训需求 The schedule is important too: The learning curve goes down late in the day, less than full day training is most effective学习日程安排也很重要 The Training and Development Process Needs analysis需求分析 Instructional design教育指导设计 Validation确认 Implement the program实施培训 Evaluation评估和跟踪 Analyzing Training Needs McGehee and Thayer (1961) said: “Many training e