基于60k芯片的中国地方猪种品种特异性遗传标签构建-动物遗传育种与繁殖专业论文.docxVIP

摘要摘要 摘要 摘要 我国拥有丰富的地方猪种资源，对地方猪种种质特性系统开展表型组学、基因组 学研究已经成为当前猪遗传育种研究的重要内容。利用现代基因组学技术构建遗传特 异性遗传标签和个体基因身份证，对于地方猪种的保护和开发具有十分重要的意义。 一方面可以在保种过程中维护资源的纯度，另一方面可开发形成地方±猪肉的基因追 踪溯源质量保证体系。传统的基于条形码、无线射频技术等的猪肉食品安全追溯技术， 很难对从田间到餐桌的猪肉生产、屠宰、加工零售等完全实现精确而可靠的追溯。本 研究拟利用基于全基因组高密度芯片技术，构建地方猪种的特异性遗传标签，并对最 精简的特异性遗传标签集合进行准确性验证。 本研究对35个中外地方品种(中国地方猪种29个，培育品种2个，西方商品品 种4个)，共2856头猪，进行60K芯片扫描判型。分析了中国地方猪种和西方猪种 的遗传距离、分化和群体结构，发现部分中国地方猪种可能混有西方猪种的血缘。利 用全基因组关联分析的case—control方法筛选出品种特异遗传位点，再结合主成份分 析和邻近法进化树相互印证，构建了四组高质量的品种特异性遗传标签组合并进行了 验证： (1)中国地方猪种(28个晶种)的品种特异性遗传标签为80个特异SNP位 点的集合，准确率达到100％； (2)二花脸猪的品种特异性遗传标签集合，包含100 个特异SNP位点，准确率达到100％；(3)菜芜猪的品种特异性遗传标签集合为100 个特异SNP位点，准确率达到100％； (4)苏太猪的品种特异性遗传标签集合，包 含120个特异SNP位点，准确率达到99．9％。本研究所构建的品种特异性遗传标签 可以准确的用于猪只个体及其猪肉产品的品种鉴别，为猪肉产品的追踪溯源奠定了坚 实的技术基础，对我国地方猪种的品种保护和开发提供了新的技术支撑。 关键词：猪；追踪溯源；60K芯片；特异性遗传标签 万方数据 AbstractABSTRACT Abstract ABSTRACT It is urgent to protect and utilize the abundant indigenous pig breeds in China． Understanding characteristics of local pig breeds have been greatly improved by the way of phenomics and genomics．In this study：the specific genetic label for Chinese indigenous pig breeds was constructed and confirmed base on 60K SNP chip．The results will be benefit to maintain the purity of breeds and develop new traceability tectmology of pork． In total of 2856 individuals were sampled from 3 1 Chinese local breeds and 4 western breeds and then were genotyped using Porcine 60K Chips．The genetic distance， differentiation and population structure between Chinese indigenous and Western breeds were analyzed．The results showed that western pig breeds had been deliberately introgressed into some Chinese pig breeds．The specific labels of SNP panels have been identified by Case—Control GWAS method and verified by PCA and NJ—tree analysis．The simplified specific SNP panels for 28 Chinese indigenous breeds，Erhualianj Laiwu and Suta]breeds comained 80，1 00，1 00 and 120 SNP loci，respectively．The identify accuracy of breeds was confirmed to be more than 99．9％．The resuRs indic