土木工程材图料第五章1.pptVIP

Ch5 Bituminous Materials 5.1 Types of asphalt 5.2 Petroleum asphalt 5.3 Properties of asphalt 5.4 Asphalt grades 5.5 Spray applications 5.6 Testing 5.1 Types of asphalt Bitumen is a solid，semisolid，or viscous cementitious material，natural or manufactured，and composed principally of various mixtures of complex hydrocarbons (烃, 碳氢化合物). Features of bitumen Completely soluble in carbon disulfide (CS2) Nonvolatile Soften when heated 沥青分类 沥青材料分为地沥青和焦油沥青两大类。 地沥青又分为天然沥青和石油沥青 天然沥青是石油渗出地表经长期暴露和蒸发后的残留物； 石油沥青是将精制加工石油所残余的渣油，经适当的工艺处理后得到的产品。 焦油沥青是煤、木材等有机物干馏加工所得的焦油经再加工后的产品。 工程中采用的沥青绝大多数是石油沥青，石油沥青是复杂的碳氢化合物与其非金属衍生物组成的混合物。通常沥青闪点在240℃~330℃之间，燃点比闪点约高3℃~6℃度，因此施工温度应控制在闪点以下。 Uses of bituminous materials Bitumens possess a number of properties that make them useful in the construction ability to adhere to solid particles impermeability or water resistance Uses of bituminous materials roadways pavements many construction products such as roofing felt, caulking compound, waterproofing compounds, wallboard, building paper, paints, etc. waterproof coatings for walls and below-grade structures． 5.1.1 Tars and pitches Tars, along with pitches, are the products of distillation of materials such as wood, coal, and shale. When these materials undergo destructive distillation , the resulting condensate冷凝物 is tar．Further processing yields a solid or semisolid residue known as pitch． Tar 焦油 Generally by-product of coke (from coal) production When coal is heated in coke ovens, it is reduced to coke. The gases (vaporized oils) generated during the process are collected from the oven and refined. The distillation of lighter oils produces tar. 焦油是煤炭在焦化过程中产生的。其产量约占装炉煤的3%~4%，在常温常压下其产品呈黑色粘稠液状，密度通常在0.95-1.10g/cm3之间，焦油又称煤焦油。 Tar pitches 焦油沥青 Tar pitches are used for built-up roofing and waterproofing of underground and aboveground construction such as foundations，retaining walls，dams，and bridges． Aboveground structures experience great fluctuations in environmental conditions，and waterproofing compou