钢轨超声波探伤系统的设计.docVIP

PAGE 钢轨超声波探伤系统的设计 摘要 现代测试技术已经成为现代工业生产和科学研究中不可缺少的手段。超声波无损检测（UNDT）由于不破坏被检测物体和对人体无害而广泛应用于工业检测中。本设计在超声波脉冲反射探伤原理的基础上，设计了一套专用于钢轨探伤的多通道超声波无损探伤系统。本设计论文首先分析了超声波探伤技术在国内外的发展状况及研究成果，介绍了超声波探伤技术和超声波换能器（探头）的基本原理与特性，并结合这些理论知识及钢轨探伤的数字化、智能化的特点。按章节分别介绍了无损探伤系统的整体结构设计、硬件电路实现和软件部分等多方面内容，阐述了本套无损探伤系统的结构和功能。本设计主要介绍由发射、接收、检测等电路组成的超声波检测硬件电路的设计原理，对各电路的功能做了说明，还介绍了软件设计思路。在单片机的控制下，发射电路利用IGBT的开关特性产生负300伏的电脉冲信号，该信号使多功能探头中晶片振荡，发出频率为1MHz的超声波。超声波在钢轨中传播，当遇到缺陷或分界面时，一部分超声波会发生反射和透射。反射回波进入超声波探头，引起晶片振荡，产生电信号。此电压信号非常微弱，进入接收电路进行放大，再由检波电路检波后转换成电信号进入单片机引起中断，通过中断程序可计算出从发射到接收超声波所需的时间。通过单片机软件编程，判断缺陷的存在，若存在则报警电路开始报警。同时可以计算出缺陷的位置，通过显示电路显示出来。通过观察示波器进一步判断缺陷的大小。 关键词：多通道；钢轨；探伤；超声波；无损检测 Ultrasonic rail flaw detection system design ABSTRACT The modern testing technology has become a modern industrial production and scientific research of the indispensable means. Ultrasonic nondestructive testing (UNDT) because do not damage to human body tested objects and harmless and widely used in industrial test. The design principle of the ultrasonic pulse reflecting detection based on a special set of design flaw in rail of multi-channel ultrasonic nondestructive flaw detection system. This paper first analyzes the design of ultrasonic detection technology in domestic and international development status and research, introduces the ultrasonic inspection technology and ultrasonic transducer (probe the basic principle and characteristics), and combined with the theoretical knowledge and rail flaw digital, intelligent characteristic. According to section respectively introduces NDT system overall structure design, hardware circuit implementation and software of etc, expounds the set of NDT system structure and function. This design is mainly introduced by transmitting and receiving, detection circuit composed of ultrasonic detection hardware circuit design principle, the function of each circuit are given, it introduces the software design ideas. Under the control of the processor utilization of IGBT, launch circuit switching char