第二语言习得课程讲义.docxVIP

第二语言习得课程讲义 任课教师：张景华 聊城大学外国语学院 第一节 语言 1、 语言的定义及性质 2、 第一语言与母语 3、 第二语言与外语 4、 语言与言语 5、 语言与社会 6、 语言与思维 7、 语言与文化、跨文化（文化：1）生态文化(ecological culture)；2）语言文化(linguistic culture)；3）宗教文化(religious culture)；4）物质文化(material culture)；5）社会文化(social culture). 跨文化：阅读下面短文，思考这些女生犯了什么错误？ What is Wrong with Their “Hello”? A group of Chinese girls who just arrived at the st1:country-region w:st=onUnited States for their university education decided to visit the city of New York together. Since their school was not very far from the city, they planned to take a Greyhound bus（“灰狗”，美国一长途汽车公司名） to go there at weekend. Saturday morning, they got up early and after two hours’ drive they got to the downtown of the city. They stayed there for a couple of hours, shopping and sightseeing happily. Everything seemed OK until it was the time for them to go back----they suddenly realized that they lost their way back to the Greyhound bus station. What made the situation worse was that it was getting darker. In despair, they stopped at a corner on the street and decided to ask for help. At this moment they saw a young couple passing by, so they said “Hello!” to this couple. To their surprise, the couple looked at them coldly and hustled on. Having no way out, they approached to the next group of passerby and tried a louder “Hello!” this time. Again they got nothing but a cold shoulder from these city people. 显而易见，细心的读者已经知道这些女生的错误所在了——不是语言错误，而是语用错误。英美文化中，身处公共场所语境，如要引起他人注意、寻求帮助时，一般使用“Excuse me”而不能使用“Hello”。 （参见：《语言学教程》（第三版中文本，胡壮麟，北京大学出版社，2008. 8、 身势语与文化（例：前苏联总理赫鲁晓夫访美。见《跨文化交际学》，458页，贾玉新，上海外语教育出版社，2003年第5次印刷） 9、 语言与语言学 注：推荐参考书目： 1、《普通语言学》，赵蓉晖，上海外语教育出版社，2005. 2、《普通语言学概要》，伍铁平，高等教育出版社，1993（第一版），2003（第12次印刷）。（高等学校文科教学用书） 第二节 第二语言习得及其学科性质或属性 一、什么是第二语言习得？ 第二语言习得Second Language Acquisition(SLA)研究始于20世纪60年代末或70年代初，即Corder于1967年发表其经典论文The Significance of Learners’ Errors开始。“第二”是指掌握母语后再学的另一门或二门、三门的语言，它同外语的学习是两个概念。 二、学科性质或属性 1、性质 由于