电子科大 无线传感器网络课件 wsn_chapter_3_传感器网络设计影响因素 (1).pptVIP

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Start-Up and Switching Startup energy consumption Est = PLO x tst PLO, power consumption of the circuitry (synthesizer and VCO); tst, time required to start up all components Energy is consumed when transceiver switches from transmit to receive mode Switching energy consumption Esw = PLO x tsw Start-Up Time and Sleep Mode The effect of the transceiver startup time will greatly depend on the type of MAC protocol used. To minimize power consumption, it is desirable to have the transceiver in a sleep mode as much as possible Energy savings up to 99.99% (59.1mW ? 3mW) BUT… Constantly turning on and off the transceiver also consumes energy to bring it to readiness for transmission or reception. RF output power /support/documentation/wireless-sensor-networks/category/7-datasheets.html?download=148%3Amicaz Let’s put it together… Energy consumption for communication Ec = Est + Erx + Esw + Etx = PLO tst + (PLO + PRX)trx + PLO tsw +(PLO+PPA)ttx Let trx = ttx = lPKT/r Ec = PLO (tst+tsw)+(2PLO +PRX) lPKT/r + 1/h ? gPA ? lPKT ? dn Distance-independent Distance-dependent A SIMPLE ENERGY MODEL Operation Energy Dissipated Transmitter Electronics ( ETx-elec) Receiver Electronics ( ERx-elec) ( ETx-elec = ERx-elec = Eelec ) 50 nJ/bit Transmit Amplifier {eamp} 100 pJ/bit/m2 Transmit Electronics Tx Amplifier ETx (k,D) Eelec * k eamp* k* D2 k bit packet Receive Electronics Eelec * k k bit packet D Etx (k,D) = Etx-elec (k) + Etx-amp (k,D) Etx (k,D) = Eelec * k + eamp * k * D2 ERx (k) = Erx-elec (k) ERx (k) = Eelec * k ERx (k) ETx-elec (k) ETx-amp (k,D) Power Consumption forCommunication Ton = L / R where L is the packet size in bits and R is the data rate. NT and NR depend on MAC and applications!!! What can we do to Reduce Energy Consumption? Multiple Power Consumption Modes Way out: Do not run sensor node at full operation all the time If nothing to do, switch to power safe mode Question: