浅谈国际贸易中信用证结算的风险及防范..doc

PAGE 国际贸易中信用证结算的风险及防范研究 摘　要 信用证是国际贸易结算中最重要的支付结算方式，是十九世纪随着国际贸易的发展而发展起来的，采用信用证方式进行结算要比其它的结算方式如汇付和托收等安全的多因为银行信用代替了商业信用，在单证表面完全一致的情况下，银行承担第一性的付款责任;信用证是一项独立的文件，它不依附于贸易合同;银行在信用证结算中处理的是单据而不是货物，正因为如此加之信用证的有关当事人位于不同的国家和地区以及不法贸易商的贪利心理，使得信用证交易的风险加大，产生了种种欺诈行为。 随着我国改革开放的发展，中国即将加入WTO，国际贸易会更加发展，信用证这一支付结算方式将会更多的被运用到国际贸易中去，这同时也给信用证欺诈提供了方面近年来无数有关信用证欺诈方面的案例证实了这一问题的严重性和解决这问题的迫切性，我国的一些专家、学者对此高度重视，并进行了一些深入细致的研究，提出了许多切实可行的防范措施 关键词：信用证；信用证软条款；贸易支付 Abstract Letter of Credit is the most important form of payment and clearing in final estimate of international trade. It promotes with the development of international trade in 19 century. Clearing with letter of credit is safer than other clearing methods, for when using letter of credit, bankers credit takes the place of commercial credit. That is to say, as long as the document is conform to the provisions of Letter of credit, the bank will bear responsibility of payment first. Credits separate transactions from sales or other contract. In the operation of credit, all parties concerned deal with document instead of goods. In addition, because the parties of letter of credit are in different countries or regions as well as some illegal business occur frequently, the business with letter of credit has raised risks, and some fraud actions appear. With the development of our countrys reform and opening-up, China will enter into WTO, international trade will develop further and letter of credit will be used in international trade more frequently. At the same time, fraud in letter of credit will occur more frequently. Over recent years, numerous cases concerning fraud in letter of credit have shown the necessity to resolve problems in this field. Some scholars in our country have made wide research in fraud in letter of credit and raised some ways in prevention. Key words：Letter of credit；Soft clause；Trade payment PAGE I 目　录 TOC \o 1-2 \f \h \z \u HYPERLINK \l _Toc296324223 1　绪论 PAGEREF _Toc296324223 \h 1 HYPERLINK \l _Toc296324224 1.1　研究