临床常见病原体检测英文版(2011).pptVIP

临床常见病原体检测 Examination of clinical common pathogens;目的Objective;基本程序Basic Procedures;第一节Section One;;基本原则Basic principles;（二）尿液(Two) Urine;（三）粪便(Three) Stool;（四）呼吸道标本(Four) Respiratory specimens;（五）脑脊液与其他无菌体液(Five) Cerebrospinal fluid and other sterile body fluids;（六）眼、耳部标本(Six) Eye, ear specimens;（七）泌尿生殖道标本(Seven) Urogenital specimens;（八）创伤、组织和脓肿标本(Eight) Trauma, organization, and abscess specimens;（九）血清(Nine) Serum;二、标本的实验室质量评估标准Two. Standard of laboratory quality assessment of specimens;检验申请单的基本内容The basic content of an application for examination;标本接收和拒收准则Reception and rejection criteria for specimens;;三、检查方法Three. Examination methods;（一）直接显微镜检查(One) Direct microscopic examination;;革兰氏（染色）阳性球菌 Gram (staining)-positive cocci;抗酸染色阳性杆菌（抗酸杆菌） Acid-fast stain-positive bacilli (Acid-fast bacilli);（二）病原体特异性抗原检查(Two) Pathogen-specific antigen test;病原体特异性抗原检测结果评价Evaluation of pathogen-specific antigen test results;（三）病原体核酸检查(Three) Pathogen nucleic acid test;病原体核酸检查结果评价Evaluation of pathogen DNA test results;（四）病原体的分离培养与鉴定(Four) Isolation, culture and identification of pathogens;;（五）血清学实验(Five) Serological test;第二节 病原体耐药性检测Section two Detection of pathogen drug resistance;;一、耐药性及其发生机制One. Drug resistance and its mechanism;（一）耐药病原体(One) Drug resistant pathogens;（二）耐药机制(Two) Drug resistance mechanism;;;（一）药物敏感试验Drug sensitivity test;目的Objective;方法Methods;参照NCCLS标准NCCLS standard reference;;（二）耐药菌监测试验Resistant to monitor test;1. 耐甲氧西林的葡萄球菌（methecillin resistance staphylococcus，MRS）;临床意义 Clinical significance;2. 氨基糖苷类抗生素高耐药肠球菌High-resistant enterococci aminoglycosides;3. 耐青霉素的肺炎链球菌Penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae;临床意义Clinical significance;4. β-内酰胺酶的检测 β-lactamase detection;5. 产超广谱β-内酰胺酶(extend spectrum β-lactamase, ESBL)的肠杆菌科细菌Producing ESBL Enterobacteriaceae;临床意义Clinical significance;6. 耐万古霉素的肠球菌Vancomycin resistant enterococci;临床意义Clinical significance;（三）病原菌耐药基因的检测Detection of pathogen resistance genes;第三节 临床感染常见病原体检查Che