fukuyama-origins-of-political-order英文电子资料.pdfVIP

Rachel Strohm Page 1 Fukuyama - Origins of Political Order 25 April 2011 • “How did anybody first develop basic political institutions?” • Three aspects of governance: • The state: centralized, hierarchical source of authority that is able to concentrate power enforce rules over a defined territory • Rule of law: set of rules that reflect the communityʼs notions of justice • must be superior to the will of anyone running the government - all equal before law • Accountability (used in place of word “democracy” because itʼs broader) • accountable govʼt in England in 17th century - Glorious Revolution • Still centuries from representative democracy • Can you have non-procedural accountability? • Moral accountability - feeling responsibility towards citizens • Modern states with all three of these institutions are “bit of a miracle” • Believes that modern polisci isnʼt historical enough - we donʼt understand contingent complex origins of these institutions State-building • Focused on China because it was first modern state • Also wanted to avoid Eurocentrism of classic modernization theory • Typical modernization theorists thought that Englandʼs path of development was universal • However, England Europe generally were peculiar • Why did China set up impersonal state in 221 BC? • Warfare! (or rather the need to organize for it) • “state makes war, and war makes the state” • Chinese did nothing but fight each other for ~700 years (nearly 1200 wars from 8th to 5th century BC) • Conquest reduced conflicts, as fewer outlying areas were left to conquer • Eventually, 3000 separate tribal organizations coalesced into a single state • State-building through warfare • State-building is a struggle against the family • Inclusive fitness: altruism towards genetic