英语语言学及应用课件胡壮麟史上最全面.ppt

Contents 名词解释；学术流派对比评论；理论解释某语言现象 语料库语言学 、修辞学 、语用学 、认知语言学 、语言哲学 、英汉对比语言学 、 语言学概论 语言学理论流派 流派漫谈：刘润清 认知语言学（附件） 第二语言习得（附件） 语料库语言学（附件） The diagram of speech organs Lips Teeth Teeth ridge (alveolar)齿龈 Hard palate硬腭 Soft palate (velum) Uvula小舌 Tip of tongue Blade of tongue舌片 Back of tongue Vocal cords声带 Pharyngeal cavity咽喉腔 Nasal cavity The place of articulation Bilabial双唇 ; Labiodental唇齿的; Dental or interdental齿音和齿间; Alveolar齿龈音 ; Palatoalveolar腭齿音; Palatal 腭音; Velar软腭音; Uvular小舌音; Glottal声门. The diagram of single vowel classification by applying the two criteria so far mentioned: The difference between root, stem base A base can be added by both inflectional derivational affixes while a stem can be added only by inflectional affixes; A base is derivationally analyzable (e.g. undesire in undesirable) while a root cannot be further analyzed, e.g. desire in undesirable; Root, stem and base can be the same form, e.g. desire in desired; Undesirable in undesirables is either a stem or a base; Desirable in undesirable is only a base. Morpheme--the minimal unit of meaning Words are composed of morphemes. Words may consist of one morpheme or more morphemes, e.g. 1-morpheme boy, desire 2-morpheme boy+ish, desir(e)+ble 3-morpheme boy+ish+ness, desir(e)+bl(e)+ity 4-morpheme gentle+man+li+ness, un+desir(e)+abl(e)+ity 5-morpheme un+gentle+man+li+ness 6-morpheme anti+dis+establish+ment+ari+an+ism Transformational-Generative Grammar ⅠThe Birth of TG Grammar And the Innateness Hypothesis 1.Founder:American linguist Noam Chomsky Full name Avram Noam Chomsky Born 7 December 1928 (1928-12-07) Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 2.The mark of the beginning The publication of Syntactic Structures in 1957 In Syntactic Structures, Chomsky tries to construct a formalized theory of linguistic structure and places emphasis on rigorous formulations and precisely constructed models. 3.Five stages of development 1) The Classical T