高三英语动词的语态.pptVIP

被动语态 1.被动语态的构成与种类 2.被动语态应用的场合 3.使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题 4.不能用被动语态的几种情况 5.主动形式表被动意义 6.被动形式表示主动意义的几种情况 7.被动语态与系表结构的区别 8.get+p.p.结构的用法 9.习题巩固 1.被动语态的构成与种类: 当句子的主语是动作的承担者时，谓语用被动语态。 被动语态由助动词be+过去分词构成，时态通过be表现出来。 1)一般现在时:This song is often sung by the children. 2)一般过去时:The article was written by Mary. 3)一般将来时:The sports meet will not be held next week . 4)现在进行时:The building is being built. 5)过去进行时:The new tool was being made. 6)现在完成时:No letters have been received since Sept.1. 7)过去完成时:He said that the work had been finished. 8)过去将来时:They said that a meeting would be held soon. 2.被动语态应用的场合: 1)为了强调动作的执行者而用by修饰时. The vase was broken by the boy who lives next door. 2)不知道谁是动作的执行者,或没必要指明谁是动作的执行者 时. The book was first published in 1983. Printing was introduced into Europe from China. 3)需要强调或突出动作的承受者或事件本身而不必指明谁是动 作的执行者. These children are taken good care of here. An agreement was arrived at finally. 4)在文章标题、广告、新闻中. It’s reported that only a few have been lost in the earthquake. Girls wanted. (= Girls are wanted.) 招女工 The destroyer is reported to have been sunk. 2.被动语态应用的场合: 5)出于谦虚、礼貌、措辞简练或微妙的感情等方面的考虑，而 避免提及动作的执行者. You are wanted on the phone. All the work must be finished before October. I was told that the problem had been solved. 3.使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题。 1)主动变为被动时双宾语的变化。 My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday. An interesting book was given to me(by my friend)on my birthday. I was given an interesting book (by my friend) on my birthday. 2)带复合宾语的动词在改为被动语态时,把主动结构中的宾语 改为主语,宾补保留在谓语后面. We always keep the classroom clean./ The classroom is always kept clean. He let us do the work./ We were let do the work. Notice:有些动词如make,see,hear等,在主动句中作谓语时, 宾补是不带to的不定式,变为被动语态的主语补足语时,前面 应加上不定式符号to. Electricity makes machines run./ Machines are made to run by electricity. 比较:The boy was last seen swimming in the lake. 3.使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题。 归纳:宾补可以有下列几种情况 1)宾补为动词不定式，如：They asked her to sing a song. →She was asked to sing a song. 在动词make, see, hear, watch, notice等之后，不定式的to在主动语态里可要省略