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中考英语延续性动词与非延续性动词及其转换
动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词。
一.延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,如:learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。
表示时间段的短语有:for+一段时间,for 2 years; since从句,since he came here; since+时间点名词,since last year, since 5 days ago; how long; for a long time等。
例:He has lived here for 6 years. You can keep the book for 5 days. I stayed there for 2 weeks last year. How long did you stay there last year?
二.非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束不能与时间段连用。 如:open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy等。
如果要与时间段连用,就把它转为延续性动词使用。
非延续性动词在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语连用,如:two years ago; at 5 oclock;
例:He died 5 years ago.
但否定的终止性动词可以与表示时间段的时间状语连用。例:I havent left here for 3 years. I havent heard from him for 3 weeks.
三.延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换:leave be away, borrow keep, buy have, begin/start be on, die be dead, finish be over, join be in+组织机构, be a member of+组织机构, openbe open, close be closed fall ill be ill, get upbe up, catch a cold have a cold, come here be here, go there be there, become be, come back be back, fall asleep be asleep, get to/ arrive/reach be (in), leave be away, go (get) out →be out, put on→ wear get married be married 等。
例:The old man died 4 years ago. The old man has been dead for 4 years.
He joined the Party 2 years ago. He has been in the Party for 2 years.
I bought the book 5 days ago. I have had the book for 5 days.
补充练习:
When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus ________ for 20 minutes.
A. has left B. had left C. has been away D. had been away
2. I ______ the League for 5 years so far.
A. joined B. have joined C. have been in
The factory ________ since the February of 1988.
A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened
Mary and Rose _______friends since they met in 2000.
A. have made B. have been C. made D. have become
5.You mustnt ________ until he comes back.
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