过去式和过去分词42285.docVIP

动词过去式和过去分词法则（一）、不规则动词过去式和过去分词??? 一、原形、过去式和过去分词的词形和读音都相同的单词，结尾字母一般是t或d。如： cut-cut-cut, hit-hit-hit, put-put-put, cost-cost-cost, let-let-let, shut-shut-shut, set-set-set, hurt-hurt-hurt, spread-spread-spread ???? 特殊：动词read的过去式和过去分词虽然词形与原形一致，read-read-read，但发音分别是[ri:d]-[red]-[red]。???? 二、有些动词的过去分词与原形是一样的。如：???? come-came-come, become-became-become, run-ran-run, overcome-overcame-overcome???? 三、有些动词的过去式和过去分词相同。如：???? 1. 把单词结尾的字母d改为t。如：???? lend-lent-lent, spend-spent-spent, send-sent-sent???? 2. 改变单词中间元音字母。如：???? sit-sat-sat, win-won-won, shine-shone-shone, hold-held-held???? 3. 以eep结尾的动词，把eep改为ept。如：???? keep-kept-kept, sleep-slept-slept, sweep-swept-swept???? 4. 过去式和过去分词都以augh或ough结尾的动词。如：???? buy-bought-bought, fight-fought-fought, think-thought-thought, bring-brought-brought, teach-taught-taught, catch-caught-caught???? 5. 有的以ay结尾的动词，在过去式和过去分词中把ay变成aid。如：???? say-said-said, lay-laid-laid, pay-paid-paid???? 6. 另有一些其它形式的变化。如：??? have-had-had, learn-learnt-learnt, leave-left-left, lose-lost-lost, make-made-made, meet-met-met, feel-felt-felt???? 四、有些动词原形中含有字母i，在过去式中变i为a，在过去分词中变i为u。如：???????? 五、以字母ow或aw结尾的动词，在变成过去式时，通常把元音字母变成e，在变成过去分词时，通常只在词尾加n。如：?? blow- blew- blown, draw-drew-drawn, grow-grew-grown, throw-threw-thrown, know-knew-known???? 六、有些动词的过去分词是在原形词尾加n或en，变成以en结尾的单词。如：?? rise-rose-risen, give-gave-given, take-took-taken, fall-fell-fallen, drive-drove-driven, eat-ate-eaten???? 特殊： write-wrote-written, speak-spoke-spoken, ride-rode-ridden, get-got-gotten（二）、动词过去式和过去分词的变化规则动词过去式和过去分词有规则变化和不规则变化两种。 1) 规则变化 情况 例词 读音与说明 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 一般在动词原形后加-ed look call open need looked called opened needed looked [lukt] called [kC:ld] opened [5EupEnd] needed [ni:did] ①-ed在清辅音音素后 发音为〔t〕，在浊辅音后发音为〔d〕，在元音后发音也为[d] ②-ed在〔t]、〔d〕 后发音为[id] ③但fix的过去式和过去 分词x不双写，为fixed. 以-e结尾的动词加-d move phone hope agree moved phoned hoped agreed moved [mu:vd] phoned [fEund] hoped [hEupt] agreed [E5^ri:d] 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为i， 再加-ed study carry try studied