outbreak of invasiv五e pneumococcal disease detected by 侵袭性肺炎球菌疾病的爆发检测.pptVIP

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outbreak of invasiv五e pneumococcal disease detected by 侵袭性肺炎球菌疾病的爆发检测.ppt

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* Here I’ve isolate the rates for chiildren living in villages with 10% of homes with running water to highlight the health disparity vs the general US infant rate. For example, the rate of pneumonia is 250 per 1000 per year, or 25% percent of infants. This is 11 times higher than the overall US rate, and places Alaska Native children among the highest reported in the world for respiratory infection hospitalization rates. * This slide is set up the same way and shows data for skin infections due to lab confirmed Staph aureus, Methicillin Resistant Staph aureus and hospitalization for skin infections among persons of all ages from southwest Alaska. As we saw with respiratory infections, rates are highest in villagers lacking running water and decrease with increasing levels of water availability. * We conduct laboratory based surveillance for invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae infections throughout Alaska. The pneumococcus is a respiratory pathogen spread by coughing or sneezing and via contaminated hands. This slide, set up the same way as the previous ones, shows the greatly increased rates of invasive infections, such as blood stream and meningitis, among childre from villages that lack inhome running water. Each of these health outcomes, lower respiratory infections, skin infections and invasive pneumooccal disease share a person to person mode of transmission that can be broken by having adequate amounts of water available for hand washing and body hygiene. We think lack of water availability explains these health disparities. * Last fall, while responding to a Tribal request to evaluate oral health among children from this same region, we asked: Are dental caries a water-washed disease among Alaska Native children? Dental caries is a growing problem in this population compounded by a lack of dental providers, high rates of soda consumption leading to extremely high caries rates and in many children a need for extensive full mouth restoration under gener