基于浮力的三维测量系统改进设计及误差补偿研究-机械设计及理论专业论文.docxVIP

摘 摘 要 摘 摘 要 摘 要 机械工程领域中三维实体的测量是反求工程的重要内容，它是快速造型技术的前 端关键技术。本文是在研究基于浮力测量的三维实体非接触自动测量及重构方法 的基础上, 提出了一种三维实体测量系统的误差补偿技术，使测量系统具有精度更高、 稳定性更好等优点。 为了确定测量系统的最终方案，主要研究了以下几个因素:横梁偏转角度的分析、 测力装置结构的分析、液体液面高度的分析、横梁支撑方式的分析等。在上述研究的 基础上，为测量系统的新方案设计提供了依据，搭建了新的试验装置，并进行测量系 统的稳定性和精度等的分析。 在新的测试装置上，通过大量的试验，验证了测量原理的可行性。以理论和实验 于段相结合，通过线性回归分析等方法，分析和研究以下两大部分的误差补偿经验公 式:①机械结构误差补偿:中刀结构摩擦误差和中刀结构机架变形误差:②液体部分 误差补偿:液体挥发性误差和液体管路误差。 结合求解系统和重构系统，进行实体的测量，经过测量系统的误差补偿后，重构 出实体模型，然后分析测量与重构系统总体性能。试验表明:重构实体模型的相对误 差在 3% 以内，面积最大相对误差比没有补偿前减少了 2.5%。 关键词:三维测量; 方案设计; 误差补偿; 经验公式; 液面 万方数据 – I – – – II – 万方数据 Abstract 3-D entity measurement is the important content of reverse engineering in me- chanical engineering domain, which is the frontal key technology in rapid prototype technology. Research on the basis of ”method of non-contact automatic 3-D entity measurement based on buoyancy”, this paper presents a new technology of the er- ror compensation technology of the 3-D entity measurement, which has advantages in higher accuracy and better stability in 3-D entity measurement system. In order to definite the final structure of the measurement system, research on the influence factors as follows: the analysis on the angular deflection of beam, on the force-measuring device, on the height of liquid level, and on the supporting ways of beam and so on. In this way, it offers as a basis to design the new measurement system, and acts as a platform to analysis the precision and stability of the system. Base on the new experimentation equipment, the measuring principle was vali- dated through many experiments. With theoretic analysis and experiments, by way of linear regression analysis, analyzes and studies the empirical formula of the error compensation : ① Error compensation of mechanical structure: frictional and stand stretch error of the knife edge bearing structure. ② Error compensation of liquid: error compensation of liquid volatility and liquid conduit. Combining with solution system and reconfig