基于改进遗传算法的桁架结构拓扑优化研究-结构工程专业论文.docxVIP

摘 摘 要 万方数据 万方数据 摘 要 遗传算法是近年来兴起的一种优化算法，它以简单易行、适应性强等特点在 计算机科学领域和优化设计领域中受到了广泛关注，是一种模拟生物进化理论的 仿生学算法。在函数优化、组合优化、人工智能、图像处理等领域得到了广泛的 应用。在广泛阅读文献和调研的基础上，本文对遗传算法及其在结构优化设计应 用中的相关内容进行了分析和综合，对结构优化设计的基本概念、主要特点进行 了介绍，对遗传算法应用于结构优化设计时的数学建模、约束条件处理、拓扑检 验几个关键因素和拓扑结构分析作了概要的分析与研究。 本文在分析了已有遗传算法的基础上，针对桁架结构，提出了不同的改进算 法。改进算法在优化的解空间内进行全局搜索，有效地维持种群的多样性，防止 因早熟而导致求得局部最优解，并加快收敛。 基于桁架拓扑优化，对遗传算法提出了一些改进措施，形成了一种高效综合 的遗传算法。在桁架的截面尺寸和拓扑结构混合设计中，对尺寸变量和拓扑变量 分别进行二进制编码、交叉和变异，得到桁架拓扑结构和杆件截面尺寸的初解。 尺寸变量编码精度适当降低，以加快算法的收敛速度。然后对截面尺寸重新编码， 以较高的尺寸精度进行搜索，为了防止陷入局部最优解，取部分初解加入新的父 代。算例表明，该算法对离散变量的桁架拓扑优化是快速有效的。 关键词：结构优化；遗传算法；拓扑优化；桁架结构 I Abst Abstract Abstract The genetic algorithm is a kind of rising optimization algorithm recently, which belongs to bionics algorithm simulating biological evolution. Because of its simplicity and high adaptability, the application of genetic algorithm to computer science and optimization design is given more attention, for example, function optimization, combination optimization, artificial intelligence, image manipulation, and so on. The application of genetic algorithms on structural optimization design is studied based on a great deal of references and wide investigation. The fundamental conceptions and main features are introduced here. Several key factors about genetic algorithms when applied to structural optimization design are analyzed and studied, for example, the mathematical model and its constrained problem, Topology tests, and so on. Based on the analysis of the existed genetic algorithms, a different improved method is proposed for truss structure. The point-based genetic algorithm improves the accuracy and convergence speed of optimization. The improved algorithm searches the global solutions in the optimization space, maintains a diverse population, avoids the local solutions because of premature and accelerates the calculating convergence. Based on the topology optimization of trusses, some improvements of the genetic algorithm(GA) are proposed, and the improved