6规模经济丶不完全竞争和国际贸易.pdf

YOU ARE WELCOME ! 1 International Economics 国际经济学 主讲：余道先 ydxdhy@ 2 Chapter 6 Economies of Scale，Imperfect Competition, and International Trade 规模经济、不完全竞争和国际贸易 3 Preview  Introduction  Economies of Scale and International Trade: An Overview  Economies of Scale and Market Structure  The Theory of Imperfect Competition  Monopolistic Competition and Trade  Dumping  The Theory of External Economies  External Economies and International Trade  Summary 4 Introduction  Countries engage in international trade for two basic reasons:  Countries trade because they differ either in their resources or in technology.  Countries trade in order to achieve scale economies or increasing returns in production. 5 Introduction （cont. ）  The Ricardian and Heckscher-Ohlin models also rely on competition to predict that all income from production is paid to owners of factors of production: no “excess” or monopoly profits exist.  But when economies of scale exist, large firms may be more efficient than small firms, and the industry may consist of a monopoly or a few large firms.  Production may be imperfectly competitive in the sense that excess or monopoly profits are captured by large firms. 6 Introduction （cont. ）  Two models of international trade in which economies of scale and imperfect competition play a crucial role: