紧急避险适用主体的特殊情形-法学专业论文.docxVIP

I I 紧急避险适用主体的特殊情形 中文摘要 紧急避险适用主体的特殊情形 中文摘要 紧急避险作为一项古老的法律制度，其概念和内容得到了不断的深化与发展，保 护的范围不仅从利益扩展到权益，而且当保护权益与损害权益相等时也逐步得到了认 可，但过往对于紧急避险的适用主体很少得到论述。我国刑法法条将职务上、业务上 负有特定责任的人排除适用紧急避险。首先，职务上、业务上的这种定义涵盖面相对 较窄，不符合法条定义的概括性；其次，特定责任人应该是有相对的冒险义务而不是 绝对的危险承担义务，所以在特殊情形下特定责任人也有适用的必要。自招危险在适 用紧急避险时法条并没有任何规定，但由于存在无辜第三人的权益受损，这种特殊的 危险来源适用紧急避险时理应得到一定的限制。在承认所有的避险行为的基础上，从 行为发生的整体角度来分析自招危险与紧急避险的关系。对紧急避险中无辜第三人的 反击行为性质的定性，既应当考虑社会的整体权益，也应考虑到无辜第三人的权益问 题，应立足于公民合法权益不可侵犯的出发点，以无辜第三人的视角来看待反击行为， 给反击行为定性。 关键词：紧急避险、特定责任人、自招危险、无辜第三人 作 者：薛玉平 指导老师：钱叶六 II II 英文摘要 紧急避险适用主体的特殊情形 Special Circumstances of the Subject of Necessity Abstract As an ancient legal institution, necessity, with its concept and content further deepening and developing, has expanded its scope of protection to rights and interests from mere interests. It has also become applicable to conditions where rights and interests protected equals those damaged. However, the subject applied to necessity has rarely been discussed. Persons with particular duties and obligations are exempt from the application of necessity under the Chinese Criminal Law. First, the narrow definition of duties and obligations fails to meet the requirement of generality. Second, such persons bear a relative duty of taking risks instead of absolute assumption of risks. Therefore, it’s also necessary to apply necessity to such persons in particular circumstances. The application of self-induced dangers in necessity is not specified in laws, but due to the probable damage to the rights and interests of innocent third persons, restrictions shall be put in applying this special type of danger. We should analyze the relationship between self-induced dangers and necessity from an overall perspective of action based on recognition of all the danger-avoiding actions. In characterizing the counterattack of innocent third persons, we should take into account the overall interests of society as well as those of the innocent third persons based on the principle that the lawful rights and