心功能不全的诊断与治疗思路.pptVIP

Myocardial injury causes left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. This activates or alters a variety of peripheral vasomotor mechanisms that are both beneficial (compensatory) and deleterious. Vasoconstrictor systems such as the sympathetic nervous system, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, arginine vasopressin, and endothelin increase afterload and contribute to salt and water retention. Vasodilating systems such as the natriuretic peptides, the kallikrein-kinin system, nitric oxide, and prostaglandins unload the left ventricle and may facilitate natriuresis. 心衰的阶段划分正是体现了重在预防的概念，其中预防患者从阶段A