放射性核素的衰变规律.ppt

第三章 放射性核素的衰变规律 Radioactive decay 目的 熟悉各种衰变的特点 掌握衰变规律与活度计算 了解放射性平衡及放射系 内容 α衰变 β衰变 γ衰变 衰变规律 放射性平衡 放射系 引言 放射性的发现：贝可勒尔与居里夫妇 放射线的分类及本质 放射性与放射性核素的概念 自发的含义 核衰变的概念与分类 各种放射性核素通过衰变趋向β稳定线 对各类衰变，要求熟悉其含义、方程、对象、能量和纲图 Henri Becquerel 1852~1908, France French physicist who discovered radioactivity through his investigations of uranium and other substances. In 1903 he shared the Nobel Prize for Physics with Pierre and Marie Curie Marie Curie born Nov. 7, 1867, Warsaw, Poland, Russian Empiredied July 4, 1934, near Sallanches, France Polish-born French physicist famous for her work on radioactivity and twice a winner of the Nobel Prize. With Henri Becquerel and her husband, Pierre Curie, she was awarded the 1903 Nobel Prize for Physics. She was then sole winner of the 1911 Nobel Prize for Chemistry. She was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize Pierre Curie born May 15, 1859, Paris, Francedied April 19, 1906, Paris French physical chemist and cowinner of the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1903. He and his wife, Marie Curie, discovered radium and polonium in their investigation of radioactivity. 放射线的分类及本质 放射性(radioactivity) 原子核自发放出α、β、γ等粒子的性质 the spontaneous disintegration of atomic nuclei, with the emission of usu. penetrating radiation or particles (Oxford) property exhibited by certain types of matter of emitting energy and subatomic particles spontaneously. It is, in essence, an attribute of individual atomic nuclei. (EB) Note: a major source of heat in the interior of both the Earth and the Moon is provided by radioactive decay. (EB) 放射性核素(radionuclide) 具有放射性的核素 a radioactive nuclide (Oxford) a radioactive nuclide (Merriam-Webster) radioactive isotope (radioisotope): any of several species of the same chemical element with different masses whose nuclei are unstable and dissipate excess energy by spontaneously emitting radiation in the form of alpha, beta, and gamma rays (EB) （核，放射性）衰变(decay, disintegration) 原子核自发放出α、β、γ等粒子的过程 (of a substance etc.) undergo change by rad