课件：女性盆底功能障碍性疾病防治与展望 ().ppt

This illustration is of the bony pelvis in the dorsal lithotomy position. Again, the ischium is comprised of the ischial ramus, ischial spine, and ischial tuberosity. The junction between the inferior pubic ramus and the ischial ramus is the ischiopubic ramus. This is a superior view of the pelvis. Be sure to orient yourself in terms of the sacrum, pubis, and left and right os coxae. Also notice the openings for the urethra, vagina, and anal canal. The vessel anterior to the urethra is the deep dorsal vein of the clitoris. The pelvis not only has an anterior, posterior, and lateral boundaries, it also has a floor. The floor of the pelvis is comprised of pelvic floor muscles. Looking down into the pelvis you can see the various pelvic floor muscles. The majority of the pelvic floor is comprised of the levator ani muscle. The levator ani muscle is divided into three areas: puborectalis, pubococcygeus, and iliococcygeus. These muscles are located between the pubis anteriorly, the coccyx posteriorly, and the left and right pelvic walls laterally. It functions to support and raise the pelvic floor. Now go back to the language of medicine and break these terms down into root words, prefixes, and suffixes. For example, pubo- means pubic bone and rect- means rectum. Therefore, the muscle fibers of the puborectalis travel from the pubic bone to the rectum. Apply this same concept to the words pubococcygeus and iliococcygeus. The muscle fibers of the pubococcygeus travel from the pubic bone to the coccyx. The muscle fibers of the iliococcygeus travel from the ilium to the coccyx. Levator = raises, Ani = anus, Pubo = pubis, Coccygeus = coccyx, Ilio = ilium This is a dorsal lithotomy view of the pelvic floor muscles. This is a superior view of the pelvis. Again, orient yourself in terms of the sacrum, pubis, and left and right os coxae. Also notice the openings for the urethra, vagina, and anal canal. The vessel anterior to the urethra is the deep d