2018年高考英语语法复习精讲一(冠词、代词、名词).docx

WORD格式-专业学习资料-可编辑 学习资料分享 2018年高考英语语法冠词精讲 冠词是一种虚词，放在名词的前面，帮助说明名词的含义。冠词分不定冠词（The Indefinite Article）和定冠词（The definite Article）两种。a (an) 是不定冠词，a用在辅音之前：如a book, a man; an用在元音之前，如：an old man, an hour, an interesting book等。the是定冠词。 一、不定冠词的用法 1、指人或事物的某一种类（泛指）。这是不定冠词a (an)的基本用法。如：She is a girl. I am a teacher. Please pass me an apple. 2、指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或何物。如：He borrowed a story-book from the library. A Wang is looking for you. 一位姓王的同志正在找你。 3、表示数量，有“一”的意思，但数的概念没有one强烈。如： I have a mouth, a nose and two eyes. 4、用于某些固定词组中。如： a bit, a few, a little, a lot of, a piece of, a cup of, a glass of, a pile of, a pair of, have a good time, for a while, for a long time等。 5、用在抽象名词前，表具体的介绍——a + 抽象名词，起具体化的作用。如： He was a success in his thirties. 他在三十多岁时很成功。 This little girl is a joy to her parents. 这女孩对她父母来说是一个乐趣。 It is a pleasure to talk with you. 跟您交谈真是一件愉快的事情。 It is an honour to me to attend the meeting. 参加这个会，对我来说是一种荣誉。 二、定冠词的用法： 1、特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。这是定冠词the的基本用法。如： Beijing is the capital of China. The pen on the desk is mine. 2、指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。如： Where is the teacher? Open the window, please. 3、指上文提过的人或事物（第二次出现）。如： There was a chair by the window. On the chair sat a young woman with a baby in her arms. The baby was thin. 4、用在世界上独一无二的事物前。如： the earth, the moon, the sun. in the word 5、用在序数词和形容词最高级前。（副词最高级前的定冠词可省略）如： He is always the first to come to school.Bob is the tallest in his class. 6、用在某些专有名词前（由普通名词构成的专用名词）。如： the Great Wall, the Summer Palace, the Science Museum, the Children’s Palace, the Party等。 7、用在一些习惯用语中。如：on the day, in the morning (afternoon, evening), the day after tomorrow, the day before yesterday, the next year, by the way, in the way，hit sb in the face, take ab by the arm 8、用在江河湖海、山脉前。如：the Yellow River, the Pacific Ocean, the Alps, the Himalayas 9、用在报刊、杂志前。如：the People’s Daily, the Evening Paper, the Times 泰晤士报。 10、表示某一家人要加定冠词。如：The Browns are at home to receive visitors today. 11、用在形容词前，表某一类人。如：the poor, the wounded, the living, the de