矩阵在线性方程组中的应用.docVIP

PAGE PAGE 16 矩阵在线性方程组中的应用 摘 要 矩阵和线性方程组都是高等数学的重要教学内容。在高等数学教学中利用矩阵解线性方程组的方法基本上是所知的固定几种：利用矩阵初等变换、克拉默法则、高斯—若尔当消去法。但是解一个线性方程组有时需要几种方法配合使用，有时则需要选择其中的最简单的方法。而对于一些特殊的线性方程组的解法很少有进行归类、讲解。我们希望可以通过对本课题的研究，总结和归纳用特殊矩阵解几类特殊线性方程组的解法。 关键词 矩阵；线性方程组；齐次线性方程组；非齐次线性方程组 MATRICES IN THE APPLICATIONS OF THE SYSTEM OF LINEAR EQUATIONS ABSTRACT Matrices and system of linear equations are important content of advanced mathematics. We often use several fixed methods to solve system of linear equations in advanced mathematics，such as Matrix transformations;HYPERLINK app:ds:CramersCramers HYPERLINK app:ds:RuleRuleand Gauss-Jordan elimination method. But sometimes, we need to choose one of the most simple ways,or we need to use several methods to solve system of linear equations. For some special solution method of system of linear equations, there are few classification and explanation in detail. We hope that we can research, summarizes and induces solution method of some special system of linear equations with special matrices. KEY WORDS matrices; system of linear equations; homogeneous system of linear equations; nonhomogeneoussystem of linear equations 目 录 TOC \o 1-3 \h \u HYPERLINK \l _Toc7931 中文摘要 PAGEREF _Toc7931 I HYPERLINK \l _Toc13565 英文摘要 PAGEREF _Toc13565 II HYPERLINK \l _Toc27238 目 录 PAGEREF _Toc27238 III HYPERLINK \l _Toc19855 引 言 PAGEREF _Toc19855 1 HYPERLINK \l _Toc7385 1.矩阵和线性方程组的概述 PAGEREF _Toc7385 1 HYPERLINK \l _Toc31709 1.1矩阵的概念 PAGEREF _Toc31709 1 HYPERLINK \l _Toc4759 1.2线性方程组的概念 PAGEREF _Toc4759 2 HYPERLINK \l _Toc9163 1.3线性方程组解的情况 PAGEREF _Toc9163 3 HYPERLINK \l _Toc24054 2.矩阵在线性方程组中的应用 PAGEREF _Toc24054 3 HYPERLINK \l _Toc23630 2.1克拉默法则 PAGEREF _Toc23630 3 HYPERLINK \l _Toc14380 2.2高斯消元法 PAGEREF _Toc14380 5 HYPERLINK \l _Toc18321 2.3非齐次线性方程组新解法的解题步骤 PAGEREF _Toc18321 6 HYPERLINK \l _Toc31064 2.4直接通过矩阵变换及运算求出方程组的解法 PAGEREF _Toc31064 7