轻型货车变速器设计说明书.doc

轻型货车变速器设计 摘 要 在技术要求为“汽车最高行驶车速为85㎞/h，整车整备满载质量为2.05t，行驶中迎风面积为2.8㎡，车轮半径为341㎜，主减速比为3”的条件下设计带1级倒档的五档变速器。本设计中采用中间轴式变速器，其优点是：最高档采用直接档，传递扭矩效率高，齿轮和轴承的磨损小，噪声小；其它档动力传递要连续经过两对齿轮，因此，在中心距较小的情况下，各档仍然有较小的传动比；其缺点是：中间档的传动效率低。设计中以设计轻型货车变速器为目的，重点设计了变速器的各轴、各齿轮、各轴承；其中前进档各齿轮采用平行轴斜齿轮，以提高传动效率，减小噪声，倒档齿轮采用平行轴直齿轮：第一、第二轴后轴承采用角接触球轴承，以承受轴向力，中间轴各轴承采用外圈有挡边圆柱滚子轴承。换挡方式除倒档采用第二轴可移动齿轮换挡外，其它各档均采用锁环式惯性同步器换档，保证迅速、省力、无冲击、无噪声换档，与操作熟练程度无关，从而提高了汽车的加速性、经济性和行驶安全性。操纵机构采用了间接操纵式手动换档机构，换档拨叉轴设计有自锁和互锁装置，保证在汽车行驶当中无跳档、乱档以及换档冲击，工作可靠。 关键词：汽车，轻型货车，变速器，设计参数 LIGHT GOODS VEHICLE TRANSMISSION DESIGN ABSTRACT Its technical requirements for the maximum traveling speed of the car is 85 ㎞ / h, loaded with the quality of vehicle preparation for the 2.t, driving in the wind area of 2.8 square meters, the wheel’ s radius is 341 mm, the main reduction ratio is 3, designing with the conditions reverse a five grade’s transmission. Design used in the middle of the transmission axis, and its advantages are: the highest grade adopts the direct shelf, it is high in efficiency to transmit the torsion, the wearing and tearing of gears and axles is light, other shelf power are transmitted that continuously passes two pairs of gears in a row, so in the case of the centre-to-centre spacing is smaller that every shelf still has a bigger decelerated ratio; Its shortcomings are as follows: the middle of the transmission efficiency is low. With the purpose of designing a light goods vehicles is transmission of the pickup truck in this design, focusing on the design of the transmission shaft, the gears, the bearings; Every gear of the advance shelf adopts parallel axle’s oblique gear, in order to improve transmission efficiency and reduce noise , the pour shelf gears adopts parallel axle’s straight gear; The first and the second shaft bearings angular contact ball bearing used to bear the axial force, the middle axle’s every bearing adopt outer lane has block cylinder’s columns roller bearings. In addition to shifting the way the use