14234刘腾飞 论文名称：精神类疾病综述.docx

解剖学论文 论文题目：精神类疾病综述 学生学号：112412234 学生姓名：刘腾飞 指导老师：谢老师 专业名称：生物技术 提交日期：2015/1/2 摘要 本论文综述以下几种疾病——精神病（包括精神分裂症精神）、阿尔兹海默病、抑郁症，欢迎阅读。 精神分裂症患者相对正常人大脑灰质减少的区域11个和大脑灰质增加的区域7个，结果显示精神分裂症患者相对正常人大脑灰质减少主要分布在额上回、额中回、额下回、额内侧回、中央前回、颞上回、中央后回、扣带回、海马旁回等区域；大脑灰质增加主要分布在额上回、额内侧回、枕下回、舌回、海马旁回等区域。而且，发现精神病高危人群中存在脑白质微结构的改变。 丰富环境(enriched environment, EE)是指在生存环境和社会交往两个方面相对于标准环境更加复杂的环境,具体表现为多感官刺激、自愿物理运动、社会性刺激及相互交往机会的增多。大量前人的实验室研究发现,丰富环境干预可以做为一种简便、有效的手段,增加智力,延缓衰老,减缓神经退行性病变的进程,促进受损后大脑的恢复。丰富环境刺激也已被证明能促进海马神经元的发生和突触的可塑性,增加海马新生神经元数量,缓解阿尔兹海默病(Alzheimers disease, AD)转基因动物的认知损伤。 抑郁症病人在背外侧前额叶以及海马旁回出现萎缩;其次,背外侧前额叶的灰质体积和沉浸成显著的负相关。我们虽然知道灰质和白质的异常与抑郁症有很紧密的关系,但很少有人知道在抑郁症发作的潜伏期内,消极的自动思维与大脑结构是存在某种相关关系的。 关键词: 精神病、阿尔兹海默病、抑郁症 Abstract This paper?reviews?the following kinds of?diseases?--?mental disease?(including schizophrenia?spirit),Alzheimers disease,depression,?Welcome?everyone to read Compared with healthy controls, 11 regions showed reduced gray matter volume and 7 regions showed increased gray matter volume. The gray matter reductions mainly located in superior frontal gyrus, middle frontal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, precentral gyrus, superior temporal gyrus, posterior central gyrus, cingulate gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus. The volume increase mainly located in superior frontal gyrus, medial frontal gyrus,occipital gyrus,lingual gyrus, the parahippocampal gyrus. And the microstructural of whole-brain white matter was altered in ultra-high-risk for psychosis. Enriched environment (EE) refers to a more novel and complex environment for laboratory animals to grow up, as compared to a standard laboratory environment (SE)_ EE enhances of animals sensory stimulation, and physical/social activities. EE has been shown to be a simple and effective treatment which is able to improve the intelligence, retard aging,delay the onset of neurodegenerative disorder and benefit the recovery from brain lesions. Also it has been demonstrated titiat,EE treatment could improve neurogenesis and neural plasticity, and increase th