硅藻土表面性质及对Pb(Ⅱ)吸附机理的研究-化学专业论文.docxVIP

I I 摘 要 硅藻土表面性质及硅藻土对重金属离子 Pb（Ⅱ）吸附机理的研究不仅能够为硅藻 土吸附铅等重金属离子提供理论依据和技术支持，而且能够更好地消除铅等重金属离 子的污染、保护环境和开发利用价廉、环保的硅藻土。 本论文中，首先通过 N2 吸附-脱附等温线、EDS、FTIR、XPS 等手段确定了其形 貌为圆盘型多孔结构，BET 比表面积为 10.21 m2/g，表面存在大量的羟基位点≡ Si-OH、 ≡ Al-OH 和≡ FeOH；通过酸碱滴定的手段，利用计算机软件 ProtoFit Version 2.0 模拟 计算了 600oC 煅烧的硅藻土表面各种活性位点的酸性平衡常数（logK1，logK2）及其相 应的位点浓度 logC；并通过 PHREEQC 3.1.2 计算机软件模拟出各活性位点的组分物种 分布。 其次，通过 Pb2+的吸附试验数据，可知硅藻土对 Pb2+的吸附受 pH 的影响很大，吸 附符合伪二级动力学方程，满足 Langmuir 和 Freundlich 等温吸附模型，吸附过程为自 发吸热过程，并以物理吸附为主；利用 PEST 和 PHREEQC 软件模拟计算 Pb2+在煅烧 后硅藻土表面的络合平衡常数及其组分物种的分布情况。因此 Pb2+在煅烧后硅藻土表 面的吸附行为和吸附模型得以充分地阐述。 为解决固液快速分离和 Pb2+的选择性吸附的问题，用(3-巯基丙基)三甲氧基硅烷对 硅藻土表面进行了改性并嫁接上了磁性 Fe3O4 纳米粒子，获得了新型的磁性硅藻土吸附 剂。能在 2min 内彻底分离，吸附过程满足伪二级动力学方程。 关键词：硅藻土；表面性质；表面活性位点；铅；吸附；Fe3O4；模拟计算 II II ABSTRACT The research on the surface properties of the diatomites and their adsorption mechanism of Pb(II) not only can provide theoretical basis and technical support for the diatomite adsorption of lead and other heavy metal ions, but also better eliminate lead and other heavy metals pollution, protect the environment, develop and utilize the cheap, environmentally friendly diatomite resource. In this thesis, first, the diatomite sample with porous honeycomb structure has a BET specific surface area of 10.21m2/g and large numbers of surface hydroxyl functional groups (≡Si-OH, ≡Fe-OH, and ≡Al-OH) by using nitrogen adsorption/deadsorption isotherms, TG-DSC, FTIR, and XPS. The optimized surface dissociation constants(i.e. logK1, logK2) and their surface site concentration parameter values(i.e. logC) of each surface reactive site of the 600oC calcinated diatomite have been calculated by the ProtoFit program using continuous acid-base potentiometric titration data, and the surface species distribution calculated by program PHREEQC3.1.2 using the optimizedlogK1, logK2 and logC parameter values were obtained. The second, the adsorption of Pb2+ showed that adsorption was highly pH dependent and the kinetics of the adsorption followed a pseudo-second-order mo