漫地流之紊流流况解析-国立中兴大学水土保持学系.DOCVIP

漫地流之紊流流況解析 林昭儀[[] 國立中興大學水土保持系研究生Graduate Student, Department of Soil and Water Conservation, National Chung Hsing University [] 國立中興大學水土保持系研究生 Graduate Student, Department of Soil and Water Conservation, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, [] 國立中興大學水土保持系碩士 Master, Department of Soil and Water Conservation, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, [] 國立中興大學水土保持系教授(通訊作者) Professor, Department of Soil and Water Conservation, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 摘 要 在擬具水土保持計畫以及規劃相關之工程時，首先須考量的便是山坡地地表上之水流流動情形。工程師常將地表上逕流視作漫地流來考慮，依照水土保持技術規範及手冊，假設漫地流流速介於0.3~0.6 m/s，使得實際規劃設計時，常以主觀意識之經驗來判斷之。本研究將流場分為三個區域(均質水層、草層、可透水土層)，視植被內與土壤中流動之水流為孔隙介質流，並考慮透水地表之流速不為零，分別對那維爾-史托克斯方程式(Navier-Stokes equation)及Biot多孔彈性介質理論進行修正，再予以求解之。本文以紊流模式建立在裸露地及水深不及草高兩種不同地表覆蓋條件下，漫地流流況適用之公式。本研究中選用假儉草、百慕達草及類地毯草等三種草種且選用黃壤作為代表，並為與前人之研究相比較，因曼寧公式及運動波公式無法考慮不同草種覆蓋之狀況，故無法求取不同植生狀況下的平均流速，而本研究 關鍵詞 : 漫地流、紊流、孔隙介質流、Biot多孔彈性介質理論 Analytical Solution of Overland Flow by a Turbulent Model Chao-Yi Lin[1]　Szu-Ying Chu[2]　Ping-Cheng Hsieh[3] Abstract While drawing up the conservation of water and soil plans and the related projects, it must first consider the flow on the hilly land surface. Engineers often regard the surface runoff as overland flow. According to the conservation of water and soil technology standard and the handbook, the overland flow is assumed between 0.3~0.6 m/s, and the engineers often judge the value by the subjective consciousness. The flow field is divided into three regions: homogenous water-layer (the flow over vegetation), vegetation-layer (the flow inside vegetation) and permeable soil-layer (the flow inside the soil). The flow inside the vegetation-layer and the soil-layer is porous media flow and the velocity at the ground surface is nonzero. The governing equation is modified from Navier-Stokes equation and Biot’s poroelastic theory. It is solved by a turbulent model for the non-planted and emergent vegetation. Centipede grass, bermuda grass, carpet grass and yellow loamy soil a